Discussion Paper - Part A - Victorian Environmental Assessment ...

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Figure 2.4 Murray Basin during the Pliocene showing palaeogeography and depositional environment.Fluvio-lacustrine alluvial fanFluvial,estuarine and marginal marine sandsOpen marine shelfBeach ridges, inter-ridge fluvial and estuarine sandsErosion or non-depositionLagoonal, restricted marineDrainage, streams, riversSource: Evans et al. (1990)A suite of heavy minerals (zircon, ilmenite, rutile,tourmaline and monazite) in low concentration bandshas attracted mining companies to the Parilla Sand (seechapter 16 Earth Resources). Where the Parilla Sandoverlies Miocene sands, the heavy mineral grain-sizeappears to increase along with the total heavy mineralcontent.Deposition in the Murray Basin in the late Neogene wasstrongly influenced by sea-level changes. Sea levelspeaked in the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene (about 5Ma) at about 65 m above present. The sea encroachedfrom the present coast between the Fleurieu Peninsulaand Mount Gambier in South Australia, forming a largegulf that extended towards the northeast (Figure 2.4).Continental or non-marine deposition continued in theeastern and northern parts of the basin. Sand, graveland clay of the Calivil Formation represent river valley filland alluvial-fan sediments deposited over earlier units ofthe Renmark Group.Discussion Paper15
Figure 2.5 Maximum extent of Lake Bungunnia: formed when river flow to the sea was blocked inthe Pliocene.SAMORGAN FAULTBlanchetownRenmarkMilduraNSWLoxtonLake TyrrellVICLake Bungunnia maximum extentPleistocene coastal barrierSource: modified after Belperio (1995)During the Late Pliocene and into the Pleistocene,terrestrial processes predominated in the eastern andnorthern parts of the basin and deposited poorly sortedsediments of the Shepparton Formation in river,overbank and lacustrine settings associated with riversediment accumulation. Parts of the SheppartonFormation have ancient soil remnants known aspalaeosols, typically disconformably buried by youngersequences, relating to discrete episodes of high or lowriver discharge, as part of an evolving sequence.Towards the basin margins, the Shepparton Formationappears to cross-cut upper units of the Calivil Formation,suggesting the two are separated by a disconformity.Channel deposits of Late Pleistocene and Holocene riversand floodplain sediments comprise the modern-dayalluvium of the Coonambidgal Formation.Pliocene (~3.2 Ma) deposition in the western part of thebasin was influenced by tectonism when uplifted areas,impeded outflow and formed a shallow (less than 70 mdeep) freshwater to brackish mega-lake, known as LakeBungunnia, in the western part of the basin (Figure 2.5).These relatively thin locally variable fluvio-lacustrinesediments comprise the greenish-grey, white or mottledred–yellow–brown silty to sandy Blanchetown Clay, with16 River Red Gum Forests Investigation 2006
Page 3 and 4: 2 GeologyGeology underpins the dive
Page 5 and 6: Figure 2.2 Schematic diagram of fol
Page 10 and 11: et al. 2000). This Selwyn Block is
Page 14 and 15: quartz sand and gravel beds, carbon
Page 17 and 18: Box 3.1 River MeandersRivers rarely
Page 19 and 20: lakes by flooding from Chalka Creek
Page 21 and 22: major valleys. The large, older fan
Page 23: ecommending representative areas fo
Page 26 and 27: Box 3.2 Barmah Area GeomorphologyTh
Page 28: 4 Climate andHydrological SystemsAu
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4.1 Annual anomalies (based
Page 33: such as messmate have a thick prote
Page 36: Natural Hydrology of the River Murr
Page 39: Table 4.3 Stream flow in major Vict
Page 42 and 43: GroundwaterHydrology also relates t
Page 44 and 45: FloodplainsThe floodplains of the R
Page 46 and 47: 5 BiodiversityBiodiversity is impor
Page 48 and 49: Ecosystem Assessment 2005). Species
Page 51: Figure 5.2 Hairy darling-pea on a r
Page 57 and 58: Figure 5.5 A common blue-tongued li
Page 59: Threatened VertebratesBased on cons
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Figure 5.8 Mature river red gum on
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Figure 5.12 Tangled lignum at Mulcr
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Egrets generally only breed in livi
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which is essential habitat for some
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dependent species including darling
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Table 5.7 Summary of risk levels to
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Figure 5.22 Koala in a river red gu
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Examples include the larvae of leaf
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Figure 5.27 Cattle on the bank of t
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Table 5.8 Comments on fire from exp
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6 Indigenous LandAssociationsThis c
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Table 6.1 Summary of area in Victor
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waters. The Joint Body is funded to
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Consultative ManagementConsultative
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7 Non-IndigenousHistoryThe resource
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Figure 7.2 Murray Downs homestead (
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Reception Centre established in 194
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and rural water supply became the r
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FisheriesThe collapse of the Murray
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