Discussion Paper - Part A - Victorian Environmental Assessment ...

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Box 3.2 Barmah Area GeomorphologyThe Barmah-Millewa river red gum forests are unique inthe Australian landscape. This broadly triangularfloodplain forest has developed as a result of theinteraction of ancient river drainage patterns and palaeolevees,and the rise of the Cadell Fault Block (Figure 3.3).Today we observe a narrow channel of the River Murrayat the Barmah Choke, cutting through sediments of olderriver and dune deposits. These dunes rise up to 25 mabove the flat floodplain and provide evidence of onceextensive lakes formed by the damming of the riversystem. The largest of these is Bama Sandhill formed onthe eastern and northeastern edge of Lake Kanyapella.This landform is now cross-cut by the Cadell Fault, andboth the Murray and Goulburn Rivers. Other palaeo-lakeswith lunettes are Little Kanyapella and Barmah Lake-Bucks Sandhill, forming part of the associated lunettecreated as the lake dried periodically.Movements on the Cadell Fault have probably occurredseveral times during the evolution of the riverine plain.Dating of channel sediments suggest that the firstmovement was more than 30-35,000 years ago (Bowler1978; Page et al. 1991; Rutherfurd & Kenyon 2005).In the past the main channel of the River Murray hasoccupied various alternate courses including BullataleCreek, Gulpa Creek, Green Gully and the Edward River,and entered the existing channel through the Mallee atWakool Junction. It was not until perhaps 8000 years agothat the Goulburn captured the main Murray flow whenthe lunette bordering Lake Kanyapella was breached. Thisevent is geologically very recent and overlaps with thepresence of Indigenous people in the area. Traditionalstories of a great flood and the breaching of the lunettemay reflect this geological event (Atkinson 2005). As aconsequence of this unusual hydrological arrangementbetween the two rivers, the Murray in this region acts asa tributary of the Goulburn and in times of high flow, theGoulburn will back up water in the Murray and causeflow to run ‘upstream’.Figure 3.3 Map of Palaeo-Lake Kanyapella and Cadell Fault near BarmahBama Sand HillsMurray RiverMurray Valley HighwayGoulburn RiverEchucaLittleKanyapellaNorthern HighwayCampaspe RiverCadell FaultMurray Valley HighwayModern alluvial plainLunettePalaeo-Lake KanyapellaSource: modified after Rutherfurd and Kenyon (2005); Barberias (1983)<strong>Discussion</strong> <strong>Paper</strong>29
EDWARD RIVER RIVEREchucaBarmahJingellic (NSW)KIEWA RIVEROVENS RIVER RIVERGOULBURN RIVERCAMPASPE RIVERMALLEE TRACTBARMAHFORESTTRACTANCESTRALOVENSTRACTHIGHLAND TRACTMURRUMBIDGEE RIVER RIVERDARLING RIVERMilduraRobinvaleKerangLODDON RIVERLAKE VICTORIASwan Reach(SA)GORGETRACTSwanHillDeniliquin (NSW)WAKOOL RIVER RIVERFigure 3.4 Geomorphological tracts of the River Murray.Morgan(SA)Renmark(SA)SWAMPTRACTCohunaCadell FaultNathaliaTocumwal (NSW)Cobram Corowa (NSW)Albury (NSW)ANCESTRALGOULBURNTRACTSOUTH AUSTRALIAMurray Bridge(SA)Source: modified after Currey and Dole (1978); Rutherfurd (1990)30 River Red Gum Forests Investigation 2006
Page 3 and 4: 2 GeologyGeology underpins the dive
Page 5 and 6: Figure 2.2 Schematic diagram of fol
Page 10 and 11: et al. 2000). This Selwyn Block is
Page 12 and 13: Figure 2.4 Murray Basin during the
Page 14 and 15: quartz sand and gravel beds, carbon
Page 17 and 18: Box 3.1 River MeandersRivers rarely
Page 19 and 20: lakes by flooding from Chalka Creek
Page 21 and 22: major valleys. The large, older fan
Page 23: ecommending representative areas fo
Page 28: 4 Climate andHydrological SystemsAu
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4.1 Annual anomalies (based
Page 33: such as messmate have a thick prote
Page 36: Natural Hydrology of the River Murr
Page 39: Table 4.3 Stream flow in major Vict
Page 42 and 43: GroundwaterHydrology also relates t
Page 44 and 45: FloodplainsThe floodplains of the R
Page 46 and 47: 5 BiodiversityBiodiversity is impor
Page 48 and 49: Ecosystem Assessment 2005). Species
Page 51: Figure 5.2 Hairy darling-pea on a r
Page 57 and 58: Figure 5.5 A common blue-tongued li
Page 59: Threatened VertebratesBased on cons
Page 64 and 65: Figure 5.8 Mature river red gum on
Page 66 and 67: Figure 5.12 Tangled lignum at Mulcr
Page 68 and 69: Egrets generally only breed in livi
Page 70 and 71: which is essential habitat for some
Page 72 and 73: dependent species including darling
Page 74: Table 5.7 Summary of risk levels to
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 5.22 Koala in a river red gu
Page 79 and 80:
Examples include the larvae of leaf
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 5.27 Cattle on the bank of t
Page 83 and 84:
Table 5.8 Comments on fire from exp
Page 85 and 86:
6 Indigenous LandAssociationsThis c
Page 89 and 90:
Table 6.1 Summary of area in Victor
Page 91 and 92:
waters. The Joint Body is funded to
Page 93 and 94:
Consultative ManagementConsultative
Page 95 and 96:
7 Non-IndigenousHistoryThe resource
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 7.2 Murray Downs homestead (
Page 99 and 100:
Reception Centre established in 194
Page 101 and 102:
and rural water supply became the r
Page 103:
FisheriesThe collapse of the Murray
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