Discussion Paper - Part A - Victorian Environmental Assessment ...

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manage the Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges NationalPark in the northern Flinders Ranges (NNTT 2006b). Thisis the first such agreement relating to a national park inSouth Australia. As part of the agreement, the nativetitle claimants excised the park from the claim area inexchange for recognition of traditional rights andinterests, and equal representation on the boardappointed to manage the park. Public access to the areaencompassing about 128,000 ha will not be affected bythe ILUA.Resolution of the native title claim covering the nationalpark via an ILUA process has allowed the claim over theremaining area to proceed. This process has beenfacilitated by a statewide ILUA strategy (SAMLISASteering Committee 2000) and supported by the 2004amendments to the legislation governing national parksin South Australia (NNTT 2006b).Models of Indigenous Involvement in LandManagementIndigenous people are involved to varying degrees inland management throughout Australia. Various modelsof land management have been used to describe thelevel to which Aboriginal people are involved.A spectrum of arrangements exists for the involvementof Indigenous people in land and resource management.These can be divided into several categories, with agrouping of three categories commonly referred to asco-operative management (Figure 6.2).The difference between the various co-management andconsultative arrangements, in particular, is not alwaysdistinct. Consultative management is considered bysome to be a lower-level decision-making structure thanforms of co-management and joint management.However, this is largely dependent upon the relationshipestablished between Traditional Owners and landmanagement bodies.While there is no blueprint for successful arrangements,the arrangements offer an important and flexiblemechanism to test and develop cooperative relationshipsbetween management partners, making long-lastingagreements easier to achieve. It is possible a TraditionalOwner group may initially become involved in land andresource management through a consultative model andprogress to another model with more decision-makingpower as partnerships, capacity and capabilities develop.This staged approach perhaps offers a way of limitingthe disappointment felt by Traditional Owners whenaspirations for governance and decision-making powershave not been met because plans for increasedinvolvement have progressed only where communitycapacity and management relationships have becomeestablished. It also limits outside criticisms that target aperceived inability for a ‘new’ Indigenous landmanagement regime to meet mainstream expectationsor standards.Described below are examples of existing arrangementsunder Consultative, Co-management, Joint managementand Indigenous Owned or Managed Land models, withexamples provided for each. Possible approaches forIndigenous land management and the way in whichthese models have been used is described in chapter 19.Figure 6.2 Current arrangements for Indigenous involvement in public land management.Co-operative managementIndigenousprotectedareaIndigenoustitleJointmanagementIncreasing community influence and controlComanagementConsultativemanagementIncreasing agency influence and controlInformationgivingSource: Modified after Borrini-Feyerabend (1996).<strong>Discussion</strong> <strong>Paper</strong>95
Consultative ManagementConsultative Management involves consultingIndigenous people and groups about managementmatters, but without any formal role in decision-makingand limited recourse if a decision is unfavourable orcontrary to Traditional Owner practices or desires forland management. This is the main model used by theDepartment of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) andParks Victoria (PV) in its dealings with all stakeholders,including Indigenous groups. Consultative managementarrangements provide an entry into public landmanagement that may progress to arrangements withgreater decision-making responsibilities over time.The Yorta Yorta Co-operative Management Agreement isan attempt to establish a model for IndigenousCommunity participation in public land management ina more structured and formal way. While called a comanagementarrangement, there is no authority vestedin the Joint Body with regard to land managementdecision-making.Co-ManagementCo-management enables certain public landmanagement issues to be addressed in a close workingrelationship between government and one or moreAboriginal groups, in accordance with a memorandumof understanding or other forms of agreement.Management decisions are shared to varying extentsbetween the Aboriginal group or groups and the stateagency commonly through a body such as a board,committee of management or advisory body, withultimate decision making powers remaining with thejurisdiction. In other forms of co-management, the bodycould also include other interest groups in, for example,an advisory group or committee of managementcomprising representative interests.In Victoria, management arrangements with theWotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagalkand Yorta Yorta peoples are restricted to an advisorycapacity under the current provisions of the NationalParks Act 1975. Management responsibility, includingresource allocation, remains with the government landmanagement agency and overall responsibility with theMinister. These examples are more clearly consultativethan co-management models of land management.The Forests Act 1958 and the Crown Land (Reserves) Act1978 contain provisions that enable increased levels ofinvolvement and shared decision-making withIndigenous groups in State forests and Crown reserves.Recently a co-management arrangement has beenestablished between government and Latji LatjiTraditional Owners and other key community membersfor two areas of cultural heritage significance inWallpolla West State Forest. The area will be managedas an Archaeological and Natural Interests Reserve underthe Forests Act 1958. The committee of managementhas evolved from a working group established in 2003to undertake rehabilitation and protection works forAboriginal burial sites located on the floodplain forestswest of Mildura.An example of co-management is the recent agreementbetween the South Australian Government and theAdnyamathanha native title claimants to jointly managethe Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park (seeabove). Under the ILUA the Traditional Owners will beinvolved in all management decisions and have equalrepresentation on the board appointed to operate thepark (NNTT 2006d). In NSW the National Parks andWildlife Service (NPWS) has established at least nine comanagementarrangements in which the governmentand local Aboriginal groups share responsibility formanagement and decision-making.Joint ManagementJoint Management transfers title to Crown land to anAboriginal group or groups and then leased back to the96 River Red Gum Forests Investigation > 2006
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2 GeologyGeology underpins the dive
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Figure 2.2 Schematic diagram of fol
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et al. 2000). This Selwyn Block is
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Figure 2.4 Murray Basin during the
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quartz sand and gravel beds, carbon
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Box 3.1 River MeandersRivers rarely
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lakes by flooding from Chalka Creek
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major valleys. The large, older fan
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ecommending representative areas fo
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Box 3.2 Barmah Area GeomorphologyTh
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4 Climate andHydrological SystemsAu
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Figure 4.1 Annual anomalies (based
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such as messmate have a thick prote
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Natural Hydrology of the River Murr
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Table 4.3 Stream flow in major Vict
Page 42 and 43: GroundwaterHydrology also relates t
Page 44 and 45: FloodplainsThe floodplains of the R
Page 46 and 47: 5 BiodiversityBiodiversity is impor
Page 48 and 49: Ecosystem Assessment 2005). Species
Page 51: Figure 5.2 Hairy darling-pea on a r
Page 57 and 58: Figure 5.5 A common blue-tongued li
Page 59: Threatened VertebratesBased on cons
Page 64 and 65: Figure 5.8 Mature river red gum on
Page 66 and 67: Figure 5.12 Tangled lignum at Mulcr
Page 68 and 69: Egrets generally only breed in livi
Page 70 and 71: which is essential habitat for some
Page 72 and 73: dependent species including darling
Page 74: Table 5.7 Summary of risk levels to
Page 77 and 78: Figure 5.22 Koala in a river red gu
Page 79 and 80: Examples include the larvae of leaf
Page 81 and 82: Figure 5.27 Cattle on the bank of t
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.8 Comments on fire from exp
Page 85 and 86: 6 Indigenous LandAssociationsThis c
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1 Summary of area in Victor
Page 91: waters. The Joint Body is funded to
Page 95 and 96: 7 Non-IndigenousHistoryThe resource
Page 97 and 98: Figure 7.2 Murray Downs homestead (
Page 99 and 100: Reception Centre established in 194
Page 101 and 102: and rural water supply became the r
Page 103: FisheriesThe collapse of the Murray
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