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TERENA compendium of national research and education networks in europe/network3.6 Dark FibreSome NRENs own dark fibre or have IRUs 4 or lease dark fibre and candecide themselves what technology and what speeds to use on their fibre.NRENs were asked if they currently have IRUs or own dark fibre, or ifthey plan to get it during the coming two years. NRENs were also askedapproximately what percentage of their backbone is dark fibre, in km, inpoint-to-point distances.The coloured squares indicate where an NREN has a significant percentageof dark fibre and draws aention to significant changes that are expectedover the next two years.Table 3.6.1 Dark Fibre, 2005 to 2008 (darker colour highlights a significant change)2005 2006 2008% of entire backbone that is dark fibre:% own %leasedor% own %leasedor% own %leasedorCountryNRENIRUsIRUsIRUsEU 25/EFTA countriesAustria ACOnet 1 0 90Belgium BELNET 0 0 0 3 0 90Czech Republic CESNET 0 0 0 100 0 100Denmark UNI•C 0 25 1 10 1 80Estonia EEnet 0 20 0 40Finland Funet 0 5 8 25France RENATER 0 5 25Germany DFN 0 0 90Greece GRNET 0 0 100 100Hungary NIIF/HUNGARNET 0 1 1 10 1 50Iceland RHnet 0 0 15 30Ireland HEAnet 0 10 18 58Italy GARR 0 3 1 2 2 10Lithuania LITNET 0 0 14 0 30 102005 2006 2008% of entire backbone that is dark fibre:% own % % own % % own %leasedleasedleasedorororCountryNRENIRUsIRUsIRUsLuxembourg RESTENA 4 47 5 50 10 60Netherlands SURFnet 0 100 100 100Norway UNINETT 2 95 50 50 50 50Poland PIONIER 73 0 77 11 100Portugal FCCN 30 70 25 1 50 10Slovakia SANET 3 97 3 97 3 97Slovenia ARNES 0 80 0 68 0 90Spain RedIRIS 0 0 0 0 0 5Sweden SUNET 0 5 100 100Switzerland SWITCH 2 85 5 95 5 95United Kingdom UKERNA 0 2 50 60Other countriesAzerbaijan AzNET 30 70 80 80Belarus BASNET 10 90Croatia CARNet 0 5 5Georgia GRENA 7 0 15 20Israel IUCC 0 2 2 2Macedonia, FYRo MARnet 10 10 60Moldova RENAM 5 2 30 20Romania RoEduNet 0 0 1 0 5 60Russian Federation RBNet/RUNNet 10 0Serbia/Montenegro AMREJ 1 99 1 99Ukraine URAN 12 0 2 10 5464IRU stands for ‘Indefeasible Right of Use’. This is the effective long-term lease (temporary ownership) of a portion of the capacity of a cable. See, for example, hp://whatis.techtarget.com for moreinformation. The distinction between IRUs and lease is becoming less clear; therefore, these two categories have been combined.