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TERENA compendium of national research and education networks in europe/services5.2 Network Operations Centres• Grid services are currently running at most NRENs – several others areplanning to introduce such a service. There has been a clear increaseover the past year. A striking element in the responses is that the takeup of Grid technology has widened beyond the initial high-energy physicsand biomedical communities. All disciplines seem to be well represented;• Several NRENs have introduced IP Telephony services on their network;however, the scale and types of implementation vary widely, dependingon different national situations;• Videoconferencing is now part of the day-to-day collaboration activities inuniversities and research centres.Some NRENs manage the physical centre of their network operationsin-house; others have outsourced this, for example, to a supercomputingcentre. Also, some NOCs serve all the customers of NRENs. In otherNRENs, certain categories of customers (for example, secondary schools)receive those services from other organisations. The Compendium websiteprovides country-by-country information (section 5.1). A series of pie chartssummarises this information.In the EU and EFTA countries, 71% of the NOCs are not outsourced; in theother countries, 88% of the NOCs are not outsourced. 85% of the NOCs inthe EU and EFTA countries serve all of the NREN customers. In the othercountries, this percentage is at 100% (pie chart not pictured).85% of the NRENs in the EU/EFTA countries currently offer such a service.Graph 5.2.1 NOC Outsourced, EU/EFTA Countries71% (20)YesNo29% (8)Graph 5.2.2 NOC Outsourced,Other CountriesYesGraph 5.2.3 NOC Serves All Customers,EU/EFTA CountriesYes88% (15)No15% (4)No12% (2)85% (23)60