22MOTOR VEmCLE DEPUTY REGISTRARSschedule. However, when <strong>the</strong> two systems are integrated, it is likely that workloadin <strong>the</strong> motor vehicle <strong>of</strong>fice will decrease. Since <strong>the</strong>y have had long waitingtimes previously, no staffwill probably be released. They plan to expand to Portlandwhen <strong>the</strong> entire system is automated and integrated. Washington, Wisconsin,Connecticut, and New Hampshire are also studying integrating emission testingand registration renewal.Arizona introduced emission testing on a voluntary basis at several sites that processedregistration renewals. When it fully implemented emission testing, it chosenot to <strong>of</strong>fer registration renewals at its permanent emission test stations. A state<strong>of</strong>ficial told us that combining <strong>the</strong>se two functions would increase transaction andwaiting times.New Jersey requires emissions tests statewide. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir motor vehicle <strong>of</strong>fices,including private agents, are located near an inspection station. In addition,<strong>the</strong>re are five full service facilities which combine motor vehicle agents (two <strong>of</strong>which are private), driver's license testing, and a state-run inspection station.Wisconsin <strong>of</strong>ficials told us that <strong>the</strong>ir contract for emissions testing services is currentlyup for renewal. They have written <strong>the</strong> specifications for <strong>the</strong> new contract toinclude an option for <strong>the</strong> state to require <strong>the</strong> emissions contractor to issue tabs.Contractors are to provide specific "mini-proposals" for integrating tab renewalwith emissions testing as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir bid for <strong>the</strong> state contract.Renewal by Mail and PhoneMinnesota and almost every o<strong>the</strong>r state allow residents to renew <strong>the</strong>ir vehicle registrationby mail. Minnesota chaIBes <strong>the</strong> same fee for mail service as it does forwalk-in service and it processes about 9 percent <strong>of</strong> license plate tab renewals bymail. Comparable data from 18 o<strong>the</strong>r states indicate that:On average,o<strong>the</strong>r statesprocess abouthalf <strong>of</strong>registrationrenewals bymail.• O<strong>the</strong>r states process more registration renewals by mail thanMinnesota.States with non-mandatory mail renewal process an average <strong>of</strong> 53 percent <strong>of</strong> registrationrenewals by mail, about six times Minnesota's percentage. A few states,such as Connecticut and New York, require tab renewal by mail.One reason that o<strong>the</strong>r states process more tabs by mail may be that most states donot charge an administrative fee for mail renewal. Some states (Alaska, Arkansas,Maine, Wisconsin, and Rhode Island) encourage mail renewal by chaIBing a"walk-in" fee <strong>of</strong> up to $10.00. Ano<strong>the</strong>r reason may be that, unlike Minnesota,some states include a return envelope with <strong>the</strong>ir registration bill. In a few stateswith county systems, renewals may be done by mail directly to <strong>the</strong> county.A few states, such as Wisconsin and Oklahoma, permit tab renewal by phone withpayment by credit card and o<strong>the</strong>rs, such as Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, arestudying this option. Michigan and Indiana permit credit card payment for mail renewals.Some state <strong>of</strong>ficials said that <strong>the</strong>y have not implemented credit card pay-
BACKGRO~23ments because <strong>the</strong>y were told that <strong>the</strong>y cannot chaIge customers for using creditcard services. Wisconsin <strong>of</strong>ficials told us that this was not an issue for <strong>the</strong>m because<strong>the</strong>y have a legislatively designated service fee and a similar fee may becharged for credit card transactions.SUMMARYStates use a wide variety <strong>of</strong> systems to register and title motor vehicles and to renewdrivers' licenses. To provide access to <strong>the</strong> public, states supplement <strong>the</strong> centralstate <strong>of</strong>fice with state branch <strong>of</strong>fices, county or municipal <strong>of</strong>fices, or privateagents. Minnesota's system <strong>of</strong> public and private agents, regulated by a centralstate <strong>of</strong>fice, is fairly typical <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> states using public and private agents. Like privateagents in many o<strong>the</strong>r states, deputy registrars vary widely in size, and smalldeputies must <strong>of</strong>ten be part <strong>of</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r business to survive financially.Minnesota's system for initially appointing private agents is similar to that used inseveral o<strong>the</strong>r states. However, Minnesota is unique in allowing t1!e.. sale <strong>of</strong> a deputyregistrar business sheltered by <strong>the</strong> state from competition.Minnesota lags behind most o<strong>the</strong>r states in how it uses technology. Less than onefourth<strong>of</strong> all deputy registrars have computer access to <strong>the</strong> state database, andmuch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> data entIy perfonned by state employees duplicates work already perfonnedby deputy registrars.