STATE OF THE WORLD's INDIGENOUs PEOpLEs - CINU

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EMBARGOED UNTIL 14 January 2010STATE OF THE WORLD’S INDIGENOUS PEOPLESNot for distributionCHAPTER IV: CONTEMPORARY EDUCATION................................................................................................................ 129Education as a fundamental right................................................................................................................................... 130The education gap............................................................................................................................................................. 132Formal school systems...................................................................................................................................................... 138Barriers to education for indigenous children............................................................................................................. 141Culture, community and indigenous education: searching for alternatives.......................................................... 143Language renewal....................................................................................................................................................... 144Self-determination in education................................................................................................................................ 145An indigenous curriculum........................................................................................................................................... 146Non-formal education systems.................................................................................................................................. 147Challenges........................................................................................................................................................................... 148Concluding Remarks......................................................................................................................................................... 149List of references............................................................................................................................................................... 151CHAPTER V: HEALTH.......................................................................................................................................................... 155The indigenous concept of health and health systems.............................................................................................. 156Health and the collective rights of indigenous peoples............................................................................................. 158The current health situation of indigenous peoples .................................................................................................. 161Health disparities from an epidemiological perspective....................................................................................... 162Lack of disaggregated data and of culturally relevant indicators....................................................................... 165Health outcomes influenced by structures inherited from colonialism.............................................................. 167Environmental contamination and degradation...................................................................................................... 168Mental and behavioural health issues .................................................................................................................... 169Violence against indigenous women ....................................................................................................................... 172Barriers to accessing health services........................................................................................................................... 173Lack of recognition of, or support for, indigenous health systems...................................................................... 174Intercultural health systems............................................................................................................................................ 176Alternative approaches............................................................................................................................................... 177Prerequisites for introducing intercultural health systems.................................................................................. 179Challenges..................................................................................................................................................................... 181Concluding Remarks......................................................................................................................................................... 181List of references............................................................................................................................................................... 183CHAPTER VI: HUMAN RIGHTS......................................................................................................................................... 189A human rights-based approach..................................................................................................................................... 191Right to self-determination......................................................................................................................................... 192The inter-related, interdependent and indivisible nature of human rights......................................................... 193The universality of human rights, and understanding the cultural context........................................................ 194Human rights, democracy, and the rule of law....................................................................................................... 196Relevant human rights instruments specifically concerning indigenous peoples............................................... 197The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples............................................................... 197OAS Proposed American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ................................................... 199The ILO Conventions.................................................................................................................................................... 200ix
EMBARGOED UNTIL 14 January 2010STATE OF THE WORLD’S INDIGENOUS PEOPLESNot for distributionInternational Covenants ............................................................................................................................................. 201Indigenous Peoples’ human rights—on the ground.................................................................................................... 203Possible indicators of exercise and enjoyment of human rights............................................................................. 209Concluding Remarks......................................................................................................................................................... 211List of references............................................................................................................................................................... 214CHAPTER VII: EMERGING ISSUES.................................................................................................................................. 219The critical need for policies and disaggregated data ............................................................................................. 220The UNESCO example................................................................................................................................................. 222Issues relating to the peaceful resolution of conflicts .............................................................................................. 222The indigenous problématique and United Nations intervention in cases of conflict..................................... 223The Manila Declaration .............................................................................................................................................. 224Emerging issues relating to the displacement of indigenous peoples .................................................................. 225Violence and militarism............................................................................................................................................... 225Conservation refugees................................................................................................................................................ 227Globalization.................................................................................................................................................................. 229Migration and urbanization........................................................................................................................................ 231Indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation..................................................................................................... 233Concluding Remarks......................................................................................................................................................... 236List of references............................................................................................................................................................... 237x
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