Physiological Pharmaceutics

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Transdermal drug delivery 19745. Burnette RR. Iontophoresis. In: Transdermal drug delivery. Hadgraft J, (ed). MarcelDekker, New York, 1988.46. Papa CM, Kligman AM. Mechanism of eccrine anhydrosis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1966;47:1–9.47. Burnette RR, Ongpipattanakul B. Characterization of the pore transport properties andtissue alteration of excised human skin during iontophoresis. J. Pharmaceut. Sci. 1987;77:132–137.48. Kalia YN, Guy RH. Interaction between penetration enhancers and iontophoresis: Effecton human skin impedance in vivo. J. Cont. Rel. 1997; 44:33–42.49. Siddiqui O, Roberts MS, Polack AE. The effect of iontophoresis and vehicle pH on thein vitro permeation of lignocaine through human stratum corneum. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.1985; 37:732–735.50. Siddiqui O, Roberts MS, Polack AE. Iontophoretic transport of weak electrolytesthrough excised human stratum corneum. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1989; 41:430–432.51. Lelawongs P, Liu JC, Siddiqui O, Chien YW. Transdermal iontophoretic delivery ofarginine-vasopressin (I) Physicochemical considerations. Int. J. Pharmaceut. 1989;56:13–22.52. DelTerzo S, Behl CR, Nash RA. Iontophoretic transport of a homologous series of ionisedand nonionised model compounds: influence of hydrophobicity and mechanisticinterpretation. Pharmaceut. Res. 1989; 6:85–90.53. Chien YW, Siddiqui O, Sun Y, Shi WM, Lui JC. Transdermal iontophoretic delivery oftherapeutic peptides/proteins. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 1988; 507:32–51.54. Chou WL, Cheng CH, Yen SC, Jiang TS. The enhanced iontophoretic transport of TRHand its impedance study. Drug Develop. Ind. Pharm. 1996; 22:943–950.55. Yoshida NH, Roberts MS. Solute molecular size and transdermal iontophoresis acrossexcised human skin. J. Cont. Rel. 1993; 9:239–264.56. Pikal MJ. The role of electroosmotic flow in transdermal iontophoresis. Adv. Drug Deliv.Rev. 1992; 9:201–237.57. Bagniefski T, Burnette RR. A comparison of pulsed and continuous currentiontophoresis. J. Cont. Rel. 1990; 11:113–122.58. Hirvonen J, Hueber F, Guy RH. Current profile regulates iontophoretic delivery of aminoacids across the skin. J. Cont. Rel. 1995; 37:239–249.59. Pliquett U. Mechanistic studies of molecular transdermal transport due to skinelectroporation. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1999; 35:41–60.60. Weaver JC, Vaughan TE, Chizmadzhev Y. Theory of electrical creation of aqueouspathways across skin transport barriers. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1999; 35:21–39.61. Weaver JC. Electroporation: A general phenomenon for manipulating cells and tissues.J. Cell. Biochem. 1993; 51:426–435.62. Teissié J, Eynard N, Gabriel B, Rols MP. Electropermeabilization of cell membranes. Adv.Drug Deliv. Rev. 1999; 35:3–19.63. Prausnitz MR. A practical assessemnt of transdermal drug delivery by skinelectroporation. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1999; 35:61–76.64. Bommannan DB, Tamada J, Leung L, Potts RO. Effect of electroporation on transdermaliontophoretic delivery of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in vitro.Pharmaceut. Res. 1994; 11:1809–1814.65. Kost J, Pliquett U, Mitragotri S, Yamamoto A, Langer R, Weaver J. Synergistic effect ofelectric field and ultrasound on transdermal transport. Pharmaceut. Res. 1996; 13:633–638.66. Vanbever R, Prausnitz MR, Preat V. Macromolecules as novel transdermal transportenhancers for skin electroporation. Pharmaceut. Res. 1997; 14:638–644.67. Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Ultrasound-mediated transdermal proteindelivery. Science 1995; 269(5225):850–853.68. Mitragotri S, Edwards DA, Blankschtein D, Langer R. A mechanistic study ofultrasonically-enhanced transdermal drug delivery. J. Pharmaceut. Sci. 1995; 84:697–706.69. Wu J, Chappelow J, Yang J, Weimann L. Defects generated in human stratum corneumspecimens by ultrasound. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1998; 24:705–710.
198 <strong>Physiological</strong> <strong>Pharmaceutics</strong>70. Mitragotri S, Blanckschtein D, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery using low-frequencysonophoresis. Pharmaceut. Res. 1996; 13:411–420.71. Zhang I, Shung KK, Edwards DA. Hydrogels with enhanced mass transfer fortransdermal drug delivery. J. Pharmaceut. Sci. 1996; 85:1312–1316.72. Johnson ME, Mitragotri S, Patel A, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Synergistic effects ofchemical enhancers and therapeutic ultrasound on transdermal drug delivery. J.Pharmaceut. Sci. 1996; 85:670–679.
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For Alexander and SarinaWith all ou
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First edition 1989Second edition fi
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viPrefacepublishers, who I am sure,
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viiiAcknowledgementsFig 6.5 is repr
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Table of Contents1. Cell Membranes,
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xiiContentsGASTRIC pH .............
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xivContents9. Nasal Drug Delivery .
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Chapter OneCell Membranes, Epitheli
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Membranes and barriers 3Figure 1.1
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Membranes and barriers 5Modulation
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Membranes and barriers 7Membrane pr
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Chapter TwoParenteral Drug Delivery
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Parenteral drug delivery 21Figure 2
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Parenteral drug delivery 23catheter
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Parenteral drug delivery 29fluid is
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Parenteral drug delivery 33Receptor
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Parenteral drug delivery 3526. Tsuj
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38 Physiological PharmaceuticsANATO
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40 Physiological PharmaceuticsFigur
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42 Physiological Pharmaceuticsgland
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44 Physiological PharmaceuticsABSOR
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46 Physiological PharmaceuticsThe r
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48 Physiological Pharmaceuticsa) in
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50 Physiological Pharmaceuticswhen
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52 Physiological Pharmaceuticsin de
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56 Physiological Pharmaceutics8. We
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58 Physiological Pharmaceutics59. A
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60 Physiological PharmaceuticsINTRO
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64 Physiological PharmaceuticsTable
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66 Physiological Pharmaceuticsliqui
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70 Physiological PharmaceuticsTable
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72 Physiological Pharmaceutics12. W
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Chapter FiveThe StomachANATOMY AND
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The stomach 77Figure 5.2 Structure
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The stomach 79Gastric glandsThe gas
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The stomach 81Figure 5.7 Mechanism
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The stomach 83absorbed from the sto
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The stomach 85Night-time transient
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The stomach 87particle size indiges
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The stomach 89Figure 5.13 MRI cross
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The stomach 91species and man is po
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The stomach 93Figure 5.15 The effec
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The stomach 95emerged from the shel
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The stomach 97Figure 5.17 The gastr
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The stomach 99In order to improve b
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The stomach 101Figure 5.21—Gastri
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The stomach 103The anatomy and dime
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The stomach 10533:1283-1290.35. Cun
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The stomach 10782. Ingani HM, Timme
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Chapter SixDrug Absorption from the
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Small intestine 111Figure 6.1 Secti
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Small intestine 113are uncommon and
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Small intestine 115underlying tissu
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Small intestine 117Brief periodic b
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Small intestine 119is extremely rap
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Small intestine 121Figure 6.5 Segme
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Small intestine 123Measurements of
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Small intestine 125Figure 6.8 Small
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Small intestine 127Scintigraphy oft
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Small intestine 129It is known that
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Small intestine 131It was soon real
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Small intestine 133colonic absorpti
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Small intestine 135also transform d
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Small intestine 137REFERENCES1. Bry
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Small intestine 13949. Hidalgo IJ,
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Small intestine 14193. Bogentoft C,
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144 Physiological PharmaceuticsAnti
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Chapter ElevenOcular Drug DeliveryI
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Ocular drug delivery 251STRUCTURE O
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Ocular drug delivery 253chamber. It
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Ocular drug delivery 255The superfi
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Ocular drug delivery 257Figure 11.7
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Ocular drug delivery 259Figure 11.9
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Ocular drug delivery 261Influence o
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Ocular drug delivery 263SpraysSpray
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Ocular drug delivery 265endothelial
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Ocular drug delivery 267polymers ha
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Ocular drug delivery 269sustained-r
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Chapter TwelveVaginal and Intrauter
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Vaginal and intrauterine drug deliv
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284 GlossaryAntipyrine An analgesic
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286 GlossaryClonazepam An anticonvu
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288 GlossaryEsterase An enzyme whic
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290 Glossaryfound in the synovial f
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294 GlossaryPectoral muscle Chest m
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296 Glossarysize exclusion (gel fil
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298 GlossaryTributyrase An enzyme w
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300 Indexß-glucuronidase 276B cell
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302 IndexDiazoxide 262Dichlorodiphe
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304 IndexGelling polymers 264Gels 1
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306 IndexEpithelium 225Factors affe
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308 IndexOros ® 158Osmotic deliver
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310 IndexAbsorption 186Age 188Disea
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312 IndexDrug absorption 277Fluid 2
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