Physiological Pharmaceutics

290 Glossaryfound in the synovial fluid and aqueous andvitrous humors.Hyaluronidase Enzyme found in the testes and ispresent in the semen. It depolymeriseshyaluronic acid and acts to disperse cells ofthe ovum thus facilitating entry of sperm.Hydrochloric acid HCl, the acid secreted in thestomach.Hydrochlorthiazide A diuretic.Hydrocortisone A corticosteroid hormone producedby the adrenal cortex.Hydrocyanic acid HCN, the acid from whichcyanides are derived.Hydrodynamically balanced system A drug deliverydevice designed to have the same density asthe gastric contents.Hydrofluoroalkanes Alkanes in which a number ofhydrogen atoms have been replaced byfluorine, replacing chlorofluorocarbons asaerosol propellants since they do not damagethe ozone layer.Hydrogels Hydrophilic gels fomed from a range ofpolymers, esp. polyions such as hydroxyethylmethacrylate.Hydrogen sulphide H 2S, a toxic and malodorousgas commonly formed during digestion ofsulphur-containing foods.Hydrolases An enzyme that causes hydrolysis.Hydroxyethyl methacrylate A hydrophilic gelformingpolymer.Hydroxyethylcellulose A chemically modifiedcellulose used as a pharmaceutical excipient.Hydroxyproline An amino-acid.Hydroxypropylcellulose A chemically modifiedcellulose used as a pharmaceutical excipient.Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose A chemically modifiedcellulose used as a pharmaceutical excipient.5-Hydroxytryptamine See Serotonin.Hypogonadism Excessive secretions of the sex glands.invasion. They inhibit the production of thevirus within infected cells.Intrinsic factor of Castle A substance present in thegastric juice that makes absorption of vitaminB 12.Inulin A polysaccharide found in plants. It is usedto study renal function.Ion exchange resins Polymer resins with numerousionized sites which can reversibly bind anumber of ions; commonly used for separationand purification purposes.Iontophoresis The process of forcing an ionized drugto pass into a tissue using an electric current.Ipratropium bromide Anticholinergic drug used tocontrol asthma.Isomaltase A membrane protein involved incarbohydrate metabolism.Isoprenaline An inotropic sympathomimetic usedto treat heart block and severe bradycardia.Ispaghula Bulk-forming laxative.IUDs See intrauterine devices.JJet nebulizer A nebulizer in which a liquid streamis dispersed by a jet of air under high pressure.KKanamycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic nowsuperceded by other aminoglycosidesKeratinocytes Any one of the cells in the skin thatsynthesize keratin.Kerkring’s folds See Folds of Kerkring.Ketobemidone An opiate analgesic.Kupffer cells A variety of macrophage cells foundin the liver.IIgA See Immunoglobulins.IgG See Immunoglobulins.Ileocaecal junction Junction between the smallintestine and ascending colon.Iliac fossa One of the concavities of the iliac bonesof the pelvis.Immunoglobulins One of a family of closely relatedproteins capable of acting as antibodies.Impotence Absence of sexual power.Indomethacin Anti-inflammatory drug usedextensively to treat rheumatoid arthritis.Infertility Inability of reduced ability to have children.Inflammatory bowel disease Associated with pain,constipation or diarrhoea.Insulin A hormone secreted by the islets ofLangerhans of the pancreas. Essential for themetabolism of blood sugar.Integument A covering or skin.Interferon A group of proteins released by whiteblood cells and fibroblasts in response ti viralLL-tryptophan An aromatic amino-acidLabrafll WL A waxy material used as apharmaceutical excipientLactase An intestinal enzyme which splits lactoseinto dextrose and galactose.Lactate dehydrogenase An enzyme which isimportant in the oxidation of lactate.Lacteal Pert. To milk or an intestinal lymphatic thattakes up chyle and passes it to the lymphaticsystem.Lactic acid Formed during muscular activity by thebreakdown of glycogen.Lactic dehydrogenase See Lactate dehydrogenase.Lactobacillus A genuis of gram positive, nonmotilerod shaped bacteria. They are responsible forthe souring of milk as they produce lactic acidfrom carbohydrates.Lactobacillus acidophilus Organism whichproduces lactic acid by fermenting sugars inmilk. Found in the faeces of bottle-fed infantsand adults. Also present in carious teeth andthe human vagina.