Physiological Pharmaceutics

Index 307Multi-drug resistance 130Multilamellar vesicles 6Multiparticulates 96Muscle 26Muscularis externa 146Muscularis mucosae 110, 146Myometrium 274Myristyl tripalmitate 126NN-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone 191Na + /K + ATPase 118Na + /K + electrolyte balance 7NAD + -dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandindehydrogenase 202NAD + -dependent formaldehydedehydrogenase 202Nadolol 260Nafarelin 209Nails 184Nanoparticles 265Eye 267Nanosphere 265Nasal. See also noseCycle 203Mucosa 207Sprays 211Vestibule 200Nasopharynx 222Nausea 93Fat 92Nebuhaler ® 236Nebulizers 232, 235Nervous controlLung 229Neurotensin 113, 148Neutrophilia 206Nickel 279Nicoderm 190Nicotine 190Nicotrol 190Nifedipine 55, 173Nitrates 53Nitroglycerin 44, 51, 53Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 67,94, 136, 182, 268Non-ulcer dyspepsia 92Nonoxynol-9 278Norethindrone 278Norgestrel 278NoseAge 204Anatomy and physiology 200Bioadhesives 211Cycle 203Deposition 204Deposition patterns 210Epithelia 201, 203Excipients 213Increasing residence times 212Interspecies comparisons 216Lymphatic system 202Measuring clearance 204Pathophysiology 204pH 214Secretions 202Septum 200NSAIDs. See non-steroidal antiinflammatorydrugsNucleus 2Nystatin 49OObesity 82, 92Ocuserts ® 265Oedema 214OesophagusAdhesion 65, 67Anatomy and physiology 60Damage 67Disease 69Innervation 61Motility 61pH 60Pressure 62Targeting 70Transit 63, 64Oestradiol 209, 278Oestradiol-3-cyclopentyl 136Oestrogen 134, 276, 277Oils 91Oily vehicles 94Ointments 48, 189, 250, 256, 264Oleic acid 48, 151, 232Oligosaccharides 7, 18Olsalazine 163Opiates 156Opioids 54Orabase ® 48Oral cavity 38Bioadhesion 51Clearance 43Dosage forms 48Drugs 53Drug absorption 44, 48Drug delivery 45Epithelium 39Mucosa 39, 40, 41Penetration enhancers 47Oral drug deliveryDisadvantages 44Oral transmucosal system 52