E-<strong>governance</strong> <strong>and</strong> Citizen Information 120 Relationship with Citizenscentral element in this new form of e-<strong>governance</strong> where the individual assumes part of therole that previously belonged to the State. In fact, in global terms we could argue that it producesan individualisation in the relationship between the <strong>citizen</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Administration: asmuch in the personalisation of services as in the co-management we have discussed, aimingat a situation where the <strong>citizen</strong>s connect individually <strong>and</strong> in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntly.In connection with the polarisation we have i<strong>de</strong>ntified in the literature, we can state that neitherparticipation, in the sense of intervention in shaping policies (or, rather, in <strong>de</strong>cision-making),nor involvement in management is increased. Citizens become active consumers of<strong>information</strong> <strong>and</strong> manager of their small parcel of services. The current empirical evi<strong>de</strong>ncereinforces the thesis that e-<strong>governance</strong> is more orientated in this direction than to a <strong>de</strong>epeningof <strong>de</strong>mocracy or participation in the classic political science sense of the word. Thewill to use new technologies in or<strong>de</strong>r to provi<strong>de</strong> more <strong>and</strong> better <strong>information</strong> to <strong>citizen</strong>s is notreally aimed at strengthening their capacity to intervene politically nor at the transparency ofgovernment actions, in other words to empowering participation in the <strong>de</strong>cision-makingprocess, but at improving their capacity in co-management.http://www.uoc.edu/in3/pic
E-<strong>governance</strong> <strong>and</strong> Citizen Information 121 Relationship with Citizens7.5. The Public/Private Relationship in Citizen Information ChannelsOne clear effect of the processes of outsourcing linked to communication channels with<strong>citizen</strong>s is that contact between <strong>citizen</strong>s <strong>and</strong> the Public Administration is often mediatedby private companies – a factor that is usually justified by the impossibility of providing 24-hour Citizen Information services. When <strong>citizen</strong>s call one of the Administration's CitizenInformation lines, they are in fact speaking to an employee of a private company that is incharge of call management, according to a contract drawn up with the administration. Thissituation, common in other public services (grant-maintained schools, hospitals, etc.) wasnot, until recently, common in the area of Citizen Information channels.Consi<strong>de</strong>ring the types of contracts that these companies have with the administration, the in<strong>de</strong>xof queries atten<strong>de</strong>d is one of the principal evaluation axes for these services – <strong>and</strong> theeconomic compensation they receive. Since this in<strong>de</strong>x is also often used by the administrationsas a parameter to <strong>de</strong>termine the quality of their channels, the result is a ten<strong>de</strong>ncy toincrease the number of queries carried out.Even so, the fact that for certain services the number of queries (by telephone, online visitsor face to face consultations) is not necessarily a reliable indicator of success, still less whenit is increasingly obvious that good work done in the integration of the back office <strong>and</strong> simplifyingprocedures can lead to a reduction in the number of queries, often comes un<strong>de</strong>r discussion.It is, in this way, ever more important to establish indicators <strong>and</strong> evaluation systemsbetter suited to measuring the quality of Citizen Information services.Another notable phenomenon is the ten<strong>de</strong>ncy to increase the range of <strong>information</strong> the administrationprovi<strong>de</strong>s. Increasingly, administrations – <strong>and</strong> this is clearly the case with theGeneralitat – show an inclination to give <strong>information</strong> about services <strong>and</strong> areas that are notdirectly related to the Administration <strong>and</strong> its areas of responsibility (leisure, the services ofother administrations, etc.). In other words, that the volume of <strong>information</strong> supplied by theAdministration through its channels has not grown only because of the possibility of openinginternal databases to the outsi<strong>de</strong> (a theme clearly highlighted by the literature), but also dueto the ten<strong>de</strong>ncy to inclu<strong>de</strong> <strong>information</strong> which is traditionally the scope of other agencies. Thisfact occurs because of the explicit will to respond to the majority of queries received (<strong>and</strong><strong>citizen</strong>s often make no distinction between those aspects that fall strictly within the scope ofthe Administration <strong>and</strong> those that do not) <strong>and</strong> for the associated need to improve the externalimage of the Administration by emphasising its vocation to serve the public effectively.The problem is that it produces a bit of a vicious circle: if the range of <strong>information</strong> is broa<strong>de</strong>ned,the number of queries increases too, efficiency suffers (<strong>and</strong> the efficiency of Citizenhttp://www.uoc.edu/in3/pic