<str<strong>on</strong>g>CIM09</str<strong>on</strong>g> 26-29 octobre 2009Implicati<strong>on</strong>s of Ablet<strong>on</strong> Live for improvisati<strong>on</strong>ally-basedelectr<strong>on</strong>ic music practiceMelvin BackstromMcGill University, M<strong>on</strong>tréal (Canada)Elisa NegrettoUniversity of Padua (Italy)BACKGROUND IN MUSICOLOGYOf significant c<strong>on</strong>cern to c<strong>on</strong>temporary musicology is the reciprocally c<strong>on</strong>stitutive relati<strong>on</strong>ship betweencommunities and the forms of music—both their producti<strong>on</strong> and c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong>—by which they are, at leastpartly, defined (Fornäs, 1995; McLeod, 2001). However, although attenti<strong>on</strong> has been paid in this regard tothe mediatory role played by increasingly comm<strong>on</strong> laptop-based performance practice (Casc<strong>on</strong>e, 2000;Turner, 2003; Wang and Cook, 2004; Zadel and Scav<strong>on</strong>e, 2006) this has often focused <strong>on</strong> narrowlytechnical questi<strong>on</strong>s in academic and gallery c<strong>on</strong>texts without giving due c<strong>on</strong>siderati<strong>on</strong> to the widerpotentialities and c<strong>on</strong>sequences of the musical interfaces most utilized by laptop musicians today in lessexclusive, and far more comm<strong>on</strong> performance spaces; thus, replicating the high-art/low-art dichotomy fromwhich musicology, and cultural studies more broadly, has <strong>on</strong>ly recently, and still not completely, overcome(Tagg, 1987; Fink, 1998). What is therefore now needed is an interrogati<strong>on</strong> of the comm<strong>on</strong>places of laptopbasedmusic in order to better understand what results from such a radically new, but already sowidespread and influential paradigm of musical creati<strong>on</strong>.BACKGROUND IN MUSIC PHILOSOPHYIn recent years, an increasing amount of philosophical c<strong>on</strong>siderati<strong>on</strong> has been given to improvisati<strong>on</strong>almusical practice as its processes seem to offer potential insights into the ways in which inter-subjectiveexpressi<strong>on</strong> is both c<strong>on</strong>strained by, and enabled through c<strong>on</strong>textual determinati<strong>on</strong>s (Alpers<strong>on</strong>, 1984; Crease,1994; Nard<strong>on</strong>e, 1996; Nicholls, 2005). Music, particularly in live c<strong>on</strong>texts, has str<strong>on</strong>g communicative andexpressive power, and finds complex social and perceptual realizati<strong>on</strong>s (Kivy, 2002; Meyer, 1956).Following a phenomenological perspective that emphasizes and interprets the relati<strong>on</strong>s of the living beingwith the envir<strong>on</strong>ment in which he/she is immersed, studying the social aspect of musical improvisati<strong>on</strong>alpractice becomes a way to better understand the c<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> of the self within its social and culturalc<strong>on</strong>texts (Merleau-P<strong>on</strong>ty, 1945). The advent and use of new instrumentati<strong>on</strong> and technology offers newinsights to this philosophical investigati<strong>on</strong>, as well as to the comprehensi<strong>on</strong> of the musical, and morebroadly social experience of both performers and audience members (Bens<strong>on</strong>, 2003).AIMSThat the advent and development of digital audio over the last few decades has revoluti<strong>on</strong>ized the waymusic is produced, c<strong>on</strong>sumed, exchanged and performed borders <strong>on</strong>, if not entirely crosses into, the realm ofplatitude (Kusek, Le<strong>on</strong>hard and Lindsay, 2005; Bockstedt, Kauffman and Riggins 2005). But there has beenrelatively little theorizing of some of the musical performance possibilities opened up by the proliferati<strong>on</strong> ofportable, high-speed computers. In this paper we will attempt to redress this imbalance through adiscussi<strong>on</strong> and brief explorati<strong>on</strong> of Ablet<strong>on</strong> Live; a program notable not <strong>on</strong>ly <strong>on</strong> account of its popularity(Irving, 2006), but for its meta-instrumental capabilities. By acting as an interface between synthetic andn<strong>on</strong>-synthetic, pre-recorded and live sound sources Live allows the realizati<strong>on</strong> of a s<strong>on</strong>ic amalgamati<strong>on</strong> thatchallenges, if not entirely disrupts, the hither-to-ostensible dichotomy of live versus recorded music(Auslander, 2002; Ashline, 2003; Jaeger, 2003). Yet, Sterne’s applicati<strong>on</strong> of Bourdieu’s social theory offersimportant insights into the “c<strong>on</strong>structedness” of such technological objects, as well as of the musicalpractices that it engenders, and thus warns against a naive acceptance of their seeming objectivity (Sterne,2003).MAIN CONTRIBUTIONThe performance possibilities that Live engenders are vast as many DJs, instrumentalists and electroacousticcomposers have discovered (Ablet<strong>on</strong>, 2009). But the effect that such a meta-instrumental, andimprovisati<strong>on</strong>ally-adaptable interface might have <strong>on</strong> the musical experience of performers and audiencemembers deserves greater c<strong>on</strong>siderati<strong>on</strong>. Given the value, argued by many (Alterhaug 2004; Fischlin andHeble 2004; Lewis 2004), of improvised music in challenging the hierarchical relati<strong>on</strong>ships that havehistorically suffused musical practices Live may exemplify the progressive potentiality of c<strong>on</strong>temporary10 <str<strong>on</strong>g>CIM09</str<strong>on</strong>g>
26-29 octobre 2009 <str<strong>on</strong>g>CIM09</str<strong>on</strong>g>music. But locked in fr<strong>on</strong>t of their laptop screens manipulating minutiae that audience members, andpossibly other performers, cannot see nor, perhaps, comprehend, such a musical practice might well <strong>on</strong>lyincrease performers’ tendencies towards self-absorpti<strong>on</strong> and isolati<strong>on</strong> (Turner, 2003). This is especiallyproblematic in terms of realizing any kind of progressive praxis since it is precisely <strong>on</strong> account of itsdialogicality—its enabling of freely c<strong>on</strong>stituted, n<strong>on</strong>-coercive, inter-pers<strong>on</strong>al relati<strong>on</strong>ships—thatimprovisati<strong>on</strong> is so highly valued.CONCLUSIONSReal-time musical interfaces such as Ablet<strong>on</strong> Live have the potential to realize a more interactive andimprovisati<strong>on</strong>al laptop-based musical practice than has hither-to been possible; thereby providing apotential soluti<strong>on</strong> to some of the problems seen with older forms of electr<strong>on</strong>ic music (Rothenberg, 1996;Pennycook, 1997; Laubier, 1998; Pinch and Bijsterveld, 2003). Analysis of such practices can in turn aid inunderstanding the musical experience of c<strong>on</strong>temporary audience members and performers. But, although itopens new musical possibilities, such highly mediated, and increasingly complex systems also carry the riskof further isolating the performer-composer from audiences and fellow performers, thus problematizingthese potential benefits.IMPLICATIONSA number of questi<strong>on</strong>s result from these deliberati<strong>on</strong>s that we will begin to answer but that also deservefurther research. What does “live” mean in the c<strong>on</strong>text of the real-time manipulati<strong>on</strong> of sampled, live andsynthetic sounds? Is it still a meaningful c<strong>on</strong>cept? (Auslander, 2002; Belet, 2003) Is there a model, aestheticor otherwise, by which laptop-based music performance should be understood? (Garnett, 2001; M<strong>on</strong>roe,2003; Irving, 2006) And what can be made of the virtual absence of the body in its performativec<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>? 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