annual-and-sustainability-report-2014

Developments during the year | Sustainable consumptionTypes of electric cars:A wide variety of electric cars are now available on the market,and new models are being launched at a rapid pace. There aretwo types of electric cars that can be charged via the electricitynetwork:Fully electric cars operate entirely by their battery and arecharged using an ordinary electric outlet, charging box orpublic charging station.Plug-in hybrids have both a conventional combustion engineand an electric motor that is charged in the same way as afully electric car.There are also hybrid cars supplied with a smaller battery thatis charged by the car’s generator. This enables them to convertsome of the braking energy for better fuel economy especiallyfor city driving. As a rule, hybrid cars can run only a few kilometreson pure electric power and cannot be charged from anelectricity network.Types of charging:Normal charging: Normal charging is performed at home,work or in public environments. An electric car can obtain aprovisional charge from an ordinary earthed electric outlet,such as for an engine heater, but the charging time is longercompared with a dedicated charging box that allows a highercontinuous output. The charging time for a normal charge is6–9 hours, depending on the battery size.Semi-fast charging: Semi-fast charging stations are usuallyfound in public environments and have a charging time of 1–2hours.Fast charging: Fast-charging infrastructures are beginning toemerge in pace with growth in the number of electric vehicleson roads. At a fast-charging station most electric cars can becharged to roughly 80% battery capacity in 20–30 minutes.”The EU has set a goal to have8–9 million electric vehicles onthe road by 2020, including plug-inhybrids and fully electric vehicles”Development of electric vehicles 1Number of electric vehicles45,00040,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,00002011 2014 2011 2014 2011 2014Sweden Germany NetherlandsSweden:Chargeable vehicles (2014): approximately 8,000 vehicles, including fully electric cars, plug-in hybrids,light trucks and fully electric four-wheel motorcycles. Sweden’s target is to have 150,000electric vehicles on the roads by 2020.Germany:Chargeable vehicles (2014): approximately 28,000 vehicles, including fully electric cars and pluginhybrids. Germany’s target is to have nearly a million electric vehicles on the roads by 2020.Netherlands:Chargeable vehicles (2014): approximately 45,000 vehicles, including fully electric cars and pluginhybrids. The Netherlands’ target is to have 200,000 electric vehicles on the roads by 2020.1) The data indicates the number of electric vehicles, including fully electric cars and plug-in hybrids, based on statistics from industry organisations.Vattenfall Annual and sustainability report 2014 31