Nutrition and Oral Medicine (Nutrition and Health)

Index 387OObesity, 4–5, 173defined, 4type 2 diabetes mellitus, 187Oculomotor nerveassessment, 354Odds ratio, 206Odontogenic pain, 133–134Older adultsdrugs, 88, 292–293frail, 34–35Olfactory nerveassessment, 354Omega-3 fatty acids, 156tOptic nerveassessment, 354Oral and pharyngeal cancer, 205–218nutritional epidemiology, 205–207resources, 216studies, 207–215Oral burningdiabetes mellitus, 191–192Oral cancer, 113–117chemoprevention, 215–216Oral candidiasisdiabetes mellitus, 189treatment of, 190t, 250tOral cavity injury, 274–275Oral diseasenutritional consequences, 129–139Oral exam, 293–294Oral functionnutrition, 177Oral hard tissues, 167–169Oral healthage-related changes, 31–40bidirectional impact, 63–79nutrition messages for children, 25tOral health professionalspractice guidelines, 13, 27child nutrition, 27diabetes, 200HIV, 236medications, 102oral and pharyngeal cancer, 217osteoporosis, 268pregnancy, 27Oral hypoglycemic agents, 196tOral lesionsnoncandidal-associateddiabetes mellitus, 189–191precancerous, 215Oral movement disorders, 137Oral mucosadisease, 73, 113–117examination, 294tOral mucositis, 278Oral nutritionhealth risk assessment, 287–296managementapproaches to, 288trisk assessment tools, 308–310risk evaluation, 294trisk factors, 289tquestions concerning, 290tOral pain, 133–134Oral soft tissues, 169–176Oral surgery, 37–39Oral tissue repair, 275–276Osteopathy, 157Osteopeniaoral cavity, 263–266Osteoporosis, 8, 261–268, 295alveolar bone loss, 263calcium, 265epidemiology of, 262medications, 265nutritional approaches, 265oral cavity, 263–266professional and practice issues, 266–267questions concerning, 290tresources, 267–268risk factors, 262trisk questionnaires, 268treatmenteffects on oral cavity, 265vitamin D, 265websites, 268Overnutritiondefined, 4Over-the-counter products, 292–293PPainchronic orofacial, 74, 134mucosal, 135odontogenic, 133–134oral, 133–134Pantothenic aciddietary reference intake, 318Parkinson’s disease, 137Partially dentate subjectsalveolar bone height, 264–265Patient history, 291–292PEM. See Protein energy malnutrition (PEM)Pemphigus vulgaris, 247–250, 292