Nutrition and Oral Medicine (Nutrition and Health)

388 IndexPerinatal nutritiontooth development, 17–20Periodontal disease, 63–72, 117–121, 120antioxidant nutrients, 120clinical measures, 263–264diabetes mellitus, 191HIV, 232–233impact on cardiovascular disease, 68–70clinical studies, 70impact on pregnancy and preterm birth, 71–72osteoporosis, 263relation to systemic disease, 170–172treatment of, 276–277Periodontal tissues, 169–170Periodontitischronicdiabetes mellitus, 67–68Permanent teethmineralization, 19Pernicious anemia, 243–247clinical features, 246diagnosis of, 246nutrition complications, 246–247pathogenesis, 243–246treatment of, 246Pharyngeal cancer. See Oral and pharyngealcancerPhenylalaninedietary reference intake, 351Physical activityinadequate, 4Physically handicapped, 27Physician’s Desk Reference for Herbal Supplements,293Phytotherapy, 152Pioglitazone, 196tPlaque, 120–121control, 276inducing gingival disease, 65microbiota, 172–173Polyphenols, 175–176, 176Polyunsaturated fatty acidsdietary reference intake, 348, 349Practice guidelinesdietetics professionals, 288tnutrition professionalschild nutrition, 27diabetes, 200HIV, 236medications, 102oral and pharyngeal cancer, 217–218osteoporosis, 268pregnancy, 27oral health professionals, 13, 27child nutrition, 27diabetes, 200HIV, 236medications, 102oral and pharyngeal cancer, 217osteoporosis, 268pregnancy, 27Precancerous oral lesions, 215Prednisone, 244tPregnancydaily vitamin and mineral recommendations,21tgingivitis, 65Prenatal nutritiontooth development, 17–20Preterm delivery, 18Progressive muscle relaxation, 151Proteindeficiencysalivary secretions, 111–112dietary reference intake, 351intakediabetes mellitus, 198Protein-calorie malnutrition, 19wound healing, 277Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), 7dental caries, 109–110enamel developmental defects, 108maternal, 18Pseudomembranous candidiasis, 230tHIV, 231Pteroylpolyglutamatesdietary reference intake, 316Puberty-associated gingivitis, 66RRadiationimpairing wound healing, 279Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 176Registered Dietitiandiabetes screening, 193–194Relative risk, 206Relaxation response, 150Religious practicesdietary patterns, 46–47Remineralization, 168–169Renal failurewound healing, 279Repaglinide, 196tRetinoloral and pharyngeal cancer, 212Rheumatoid arthritis, 254–256