analysis of water injection into high-temperature mixture of ...

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND SUBSCRIPTSAbbreviationsBDC Bottom Dead CenterBBDC Before Bottom Dead CenterBTDC Before Top Dead CenterCA Crank AngleCNG Compressed Natural GasCO Carbon MonoxideCO2Carbon DioxideGASOLINE GasolineHHydrogen AtomH2HydrogenHO2WaterICE Internal Combustion EngineIMEP Indicated Mean Effective PressureLPG Liquefied Petroleum GasMATLAB Matlab ProgrammingNNitrogen AtomN2NitrogenNO Nitric OxideOOxygen AtomO2OxygenOH HydroxylSISpark Ignition EngineTDC Top Dead CenterSymbolsAsFsMWiMWThe Stoichiometric Air-Fuel RatioThe Stoichiometric Fuel-Air RatioMolecular Weight of Particular Combustion ProductMolecular Weight of Mixturem2VBDCVolume at BDC ( m )2VTDCVolume at TDC ( m )2VdVolume of Piston Cylinder ( m )UHInternal energy of MixtureEnthalpy of MixtureIMEP Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ( Pa)RGas ConstantT Temperature in Kelvin ( K)P Pressure of Cylinder gas in Pascal ( Pa)x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND SUBSCRIPTS (CONTINUED)P Pressure of Atmosphere in Pascal ( Pa)0RPMEngine Speed (rev/min)T Temperature of Cylinder gas in Kelvin ( K)TWallEngine Surface Temperature ( K)T0Temperature of Atmosphere in Kelvin ( K)S Engine Stroke ( m)S Entropy of Mixture ( kJ )V Volume of Mixture ( m3)WcvWork done by Gases ( kJ )W Maximum Work done by Gases ( kJ )CV ,maxXMolar Water InjectionX Total Molar Water Injection-Fuel RatiocWa Available of Fuel ( kJ/kg )bEngine Bore (m)bar Pressure in Atmosphere ( Pa)c Piston Blowby Constant ( 1/s )cPSpecific Heat at Constant Pressure of Mixture ( kJ/kg.K )c Specific Heat at Constant Volume of Mixture ( kJ/kg.K )VfhResidual FractionHeat Transfer Coefficient/WeightingkJ/kgh Specific Enthalpy ( )l Rod Length ( m)maMass of Air ( kg)m Mass of Fuel ( kg)fmiMass of Particular Combustion Product ( kg)mmMass of Mixture ( kg)m Mass of Water Injection ( kg)qcrxxiWLower Heat of Combustion (kJ/Kg)Compression RatioFraction of Burned GasMass Fraction of Particular Combustion Productu Specific Internal energy ( kJ/kg )s Specific Entropy ( kJ/kg )xi
Page 1 and 2: ANALYSIS OF WATER INJECTION INTO HI
Page 3 and 4: Thesis CertificateThe Graduate Coll
Page 5 and 6: ชื่อ : นายปรม
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTSPageAbstract (in E
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLESTablePage3-1 Solution
Page 11: LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)FigurePa
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Background
Page 17 and 18: 31.6.6 Water injected is assumed to
Page 19 and 20: 6for these working fluid models can
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER 3METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS O
Page 24 and 25: 11perform the necessary calculation
Page 26 and 27: 13h b P T w−0.2 0.8 −0.55 0.8=
Page 28 and 29: 15the procedure required Nitrogen(
Page 30 and 31: 171N22 NEq.3-461 1O+2N2 NOEq.3-472
Page 32 and 33: 19∂y1 cy ∂y1 cy ∂y 1 c ∂y 1
Page 34 and 35: 211/2( cy )∂y ∂∂c ∂y∂T
Page 36 and 37: 23[ A][ ∂y/ ∂ P] + [ ∂f / ∂
Page 38 and 39: 25⎛ • • •ln ln ⎞⎛⎞( )
Page 40 and 41: 27( θ= −π)θ>θ bθ>θ W( θ=π
Page 42 and 43: CHAPTER 4RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThis
Page 44 and 45: 31FIGURE 4-1 Comparison of an actua
Page 46 and 47: 33FIGURE 4-4 Schematic of the port
Page 48 and 49: 35Temperature (K)250023002100190017
Page 50 and 51: 37cylinder temperature. So, a more
Page 52 and 53: 39Thermal efficiency (%)43424140393
Page 54 and 55: 41Theoretically, the high useful co
Page 58 and 59: 45injection-fuel ratio increases gr
Page 62 and 63:
49When considering relative tempera
Page 64 and 65:
51Temperature (K)240021001800150012
Page 66 and 67:
53When considering relative tempera
Page 68 and 69:
55Temperature (K)220019001600130010
Page 70 and 71:
CHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
Page 72 and 73:
REFERENCES1. Ricardo, H.R. The High
Page 74:
APPENDIX ADerivative equations of i
Page 78 and 79:
64TABLE A-3 Curve fit coefficients
Page 80 and 81:
66TABLE A-5 Curve fit coefficients
Page 82 and 83:
68The following is the derivative v
Page 84 and 85:
70From the definition of entropyh =
Page 86 and 87:
72• ⎛ ⎞ • ⎛Tb∂u •b∂
Page 88 and 89:
74• ⎛1 ⎞ •∂u ⎛∂ ∂
Page 90 and 91:
76⎛ • • •ln ln ⎞⎛⎞( )
Page 92 and 93:
78The following is the derivative v
Page 94 and 95:
80From the definition of entropy h
Page 96 and 97:
82• ⎛ Tb u ⎞ • • ⎛bmTb
Page 98 and 99:
84• ⎛1 ⎞ • •∂u ⎛ ⎞
Page 100 and 101:
86• • • ⎛ u ⎞bmb( hW ub)
Page 102 and 103:
88Appendix D MATLAB program scripts
Page 104 and 105:
90[thetawater,pTbWQlHl2]=ode45('Rat
Page 106 and 107:
92-0.69353550E-14 -0.14245228E+05 0
Page 108 and 109:
940.21*(1-phi) 0 0]';dcdT=0;else %
Page 110 and 111:
96dfdp=zeros(4,1);dYdT=zeros(11,1);
Page 112 and 113:
98dcdT(1)=-dKdT(1)*sqrt(patm)/K(1)^
Page 114 and 115:
100Iter=Iter+1;[hb,u,v,s,Y,cp,dlvlT
Page 116 and 117:
102yprime(2)=-Const1/cpb/x*Qconvb+v
Page 118 and 119:
104masswaterin=massfuel*mwpmf;% Tot
Page 120 and 121:
106savefile = 'Volume.mat';RTWV=RTW
Page 122 and 123:
108p=pTarray(:,1);T=pTarray(:,2);hc
Page 124 and 125:
110gamma_der_tautau = 0;for i = 1 :
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