Proper Names in the Light of Theoretical Onomastics

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106 Vincent Blanártion) as the second component of the content of an onymic sign. I definethis as presuppositional identification. While reference identification is characterisedas a phenomenon at the level of communication, presuppositionalidentification is of a systemic, “langue” character. It refers to the content ofwhole classes of propria in onymic systems regardless of information onor realisation of an onymic object. 3 Hence, the onymic sign has its contentand its form. Its content consists of two components: reference identificationand presuppositional identification (onymic meaning). It shouldbe stressed that the application of reference identification assumes theknowledge of a respective onymic class (genus proximum), i. e. the hierarchicallyhighest feature; other pre-suppositional features are neutralisedin common communication. With regard to ordinary communication, thisfact is important from the communication point of view with homonymicproper names (compare the discussions about the form of Martin earlierin the text) and especially with internally varied anthroponymic subsystems.The given semiotic understanding of proprium facilitates the distinguishingof the individual functional components of proper names (Christianname, surname, nickname, living family name etc.) as special classesof names of different onymic validity (semantics).The content aspect of an onymic sign cannot be isolated from its formalaspect.2. 4 Interrelation between the content and formal aspects of an onymic signOnymic features which form a content model are realised in the languagein various ways. This is most evident in the language aspect of personalnames which vary in their onymic content, and their language structureforms, in many aspects, are a noteworthy part of the lexis of a nationallanguage. (That is why we mostly focus on anthroponymic signs). Fromthis point of view, the question has not been studied systematically. In thefollowing text I will proceed according to the hierarchy of onymic features(see Blanár 2001). Onymic features are, in their way, reflected in the3 It is of interest to note that, in the semantic aspect of a proper name, the term denotat(designat) of a proper name is different in logic and the philosophy of language; it isunderstood as an abstract, arbitrary individual (occurrence de dicto; S. Kripke: rigidityde jure) and in the empirical aspect, the referent of a proper name as an empirical unit(usage de re; S. Kripke: rigidity de facto) – see Materna 1998; Gahér 2006; Zouhar2006.
Proper Names In the Light of Theoretical Onomastics107formal aspect of an onymic sign in a given subsystem and in the socialand communicational conditions established. Here I analyse the situationin the Slovak language.Features of grammatical character1. A general feature of propria which has a functional and integrationalcharacter 〈socially determined identification // differentiation within agiven class〉 is applied in proprial nomination to the proper name as anindependently existing entity. Any language form is substantiated in thevalidity of the proper name. As far as the language structure is concerned,there are sets of proper names which are richly varied: compare personalnames Krátky-Short, Zlejší-Worse, Mlkvik-Quiet, Nesvadba, Ozembuch, an -oi ko nyms Pri pieskoch By Sands, Medzi potoky-Between Streams, chrematonymsKadernícky salón Katka-Hairdressers’Katka, a novel Komu zvonia do hrobu-ForWhom The Bell Tolls, logonyms A + B, TIP-TOP. The inventory ofnames extends in respect of various situations of naming by the selectionof lexemes (which in appellative form often do not have pendants) andalso by less common word-forming procedures (Blanár 1950, 1996, 2005and elsewhere). Let us cite, for example, the revaluation of the desinentialmorphemes to the derivational morphemes in the process of the substantiationof grammatical forms: Oberaj, -a, -ovi; Zapletal, -a, -ovi…, Tomašových,-a, -ovi…, Nebojsa, -u, -ovi…; the univerbalisation of combinations of words:Starigazda, Zátroch, Zedvora; the existence of variations of prepositionalanoikonyms allows for the creation of a complete paradigm: Pri pieskoch –By Sands // Piesky-Sands, Medzi potoky-Between Streams // Potoky-Streams. Acharacteristic feature of proper names is the specific usage of the categoryof gender, number and case when the proper name becomes part of anoral or written text. Several examples of the category of gender follow.Personal names have natural gender. The category of gender of masculineliving propria is one of the most active factors in the declination of propernames which in onymisation determines inter-paradigmatic shifts of extensiveparts of lexis. In the process of onymisation, paradigmatic reconstructionaffects masculine inanimate, feminine and neuter nouns. A characteristicprocedure is an internal lingual solution of the discrepanciesbet ween the natural gender of a motivating member (masculine person)and a motivated word which does not belong to the class of masculinepersons, e. g. hlava (head) % surname Hlava, hruška (pear) % surname Hrušk a,
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Page 8 and 9: 96 Vincent Blanáror not reference
Page 10 and 11: 98 Vincent Blanárimportant in prac
Page 12 and 13: 100 Vincent Blanárcial needs to co
Page 14 and 15: 102 Vincent BlanárThe name is a se
Page 16 and 17: 104 Vincent Blanárand communicativ
Page 20 and 21: 108 Vincent Blanárkurča (chicken)
Page 22 and 23: 110 Vincent Blanárpapers and magaz
Page 24 and 25: 112 Vincent Blanárserves as the so
Page 26 and 27: 114 Vincent Blanármarkably. Specif
Page 28 and 29: 116 Vincent Blanáracteristic, nick
Page 30 and 31: 118 Vincent Blanárcharacter. These
Page 32 and 33: 120 Vincent Blanárword-forming mod
Page 34 and 35: 122 Vincent Blanáring point is fou
Page 36 and 37: 124 Vincent Blanárhereditary perso
Page 38 and 39: 126 Vincent Blanárexample: a + B;
Page 40 and 41: 128 Vincent Blanárer) is familiar
Page 42 and 43: 130 Vincent Blanárcommunicative va
Page 44 and 45: 132 Vincent Blanárropean names was
Page 46 and 47: 134 Vincent Blanárhave found four
Page 48 and 49: 136 Vincent BlanárThe frequency da
Page 50 and 51: 138 Vincent BlanárJust as generic
Page 52 and 53: 140 Vincent Blanárthe surnames pro
Page 54 and 55: 142 Vincent Blanárconditions provi
Page 56 and 57: 144 Vincent Blanárand plural is, b
Page 58 and 59: 146 Vincent Blanárfact that these
Page 60 and 61: 148 Vincent BlanárThe concept unde
Page 62 and 63: 150 Vincent BlanárThe frequency of
Page 64 and 65: 152 Vincent BlanárReferencesBeleň
Page 66 and 67: 154 Vincent BlanárDolník, Juraj,
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156 Vincent BlanárPaikkala, Sirrka
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Proper Names in the Light of Theoretical Onomastics

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