Proper Names in the Light of Theoretical Onomastics

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112 Vincent Blanárserves as the source for the naming, e. g. Štefánia Durajová: Jozef Zimen (herson) – Ščefiny Dzurajky Jožko; Juraj Petro: Ďuro Libin; Jano od (of) Piľarky; OndrejMagdy Evkovej; Jano Hany od (of) Maliniaka. In these instances, a newnaming principle in onymic system resulting from the important socialrole of a woman-mother has been applied (see Blanár / Matejčík I / 2, 1983,610 – 611). In the process of the formation of living anthroponymic microsystems,the economic and social status of people in the village played asubstantial role.4. 〈± Family affiliation〉 This is an essential anthroponymic feature inthe development of personal naming. It has two forms. In an old firstnaming system, it was (and in living names it still frequently is) applied ata negative stage (–). In an official binary naming system, it is an 〈affiliationwith the family as a whole〉.In a first naming system, a person is not named as a member of a familybut he or she is named as a person as such (Koza, Pribina, Mojtech ). Per -sonal (and later Christian) names frequently developed in the past froman individual characteristic. The individual characteristic was motivatedby the name of the father (Janovic), mother (Tom/ova, Tom/owna); patronymsand matronyms are typical of Eastern and Southern Slavs. With the WesternSlavs, the name of a location, the place of living, and the work (AntonPodhradký – Undercastle, Juro Masár – Butcher), origin (Oravec), physical ormental characteristics (Tichý – Quiet), etc. of a named person is a moreusual motif. For genealogy, references to family affiliations are importantbut the reconstruction of old kinship ties is hampered by the fact that, inmediaeval society, names from the mother’s line also were frequently usedin naming (Goetz 1993, 257 ). In the current unofficial naming, in additionto the binary system, the first naming system is also applied, e. g. PavolKvietok: Paľo Družstevník; Alexander Zimen: Dzurajkin Elek; Zuzana Bročková,neé Durajová: Žúži, Zuzliana Durajka.The set of anthropolexemes of European personal names was substantiallyaffected by Christianity. As a result of the spread of Christianity, thenames of biblical and early saints were introduced into the old local anthroponymy.The Christian names gradually become the productive layerwhich is adopted in a new language environment. In the naming of membersof a higher society and of more densely inhabited places, new anthroponymicfeatures are gradually being applied which are linked to thecomponent which, up to that point, had the determining role. The functionalcomponent was the bearer of this essentially important semantics
Proper Names In the Light of Theoretical Onomastics113from the viewpoint of personal naming, i. e. it expressed that the feature〈kinship with a family as a whole〉 was linked with the feature 〈heredity〉.Due to these features, hierarchically, it became the basic component of amodel of naming. In such a way, the surname was constituted as the newfunctional component. The Christian name took the position of the determiningcomponent. The so-called first naming system was transformedinto a binary naming system.Since, in the naming of persons, not only are individuals identified anddifferentiated as such but also certain means of expression are used todesignate their relatives and non-relatives respectively; in anthroponymy,in addition to the means and procedures common in nomination in theappellative area, the means typical of the proprial area are also used. Acharacteristic feature of the anthroponymic system is making a distinctionbetween related and non-related persons. The rule which differentiatesthe naming of relatives and non-relatives in combining the Christianname with the surname also merits our attention. Let us consider a modelscheme x + A in the binary system:x + A y + A z + Ax + A1 y + A1 z + A1x + B y + B z + BJán Murár Michal Murár Karol MurárJán Murárik Michal Murárik Karol MurárikJán Točík Michal Točík Karol TočíkIf a Christian name – (determinant) x, y, z – changes along a horizontal lineand the surname (determiné) A, A1, B stays unchanged, consanguineoussiblings are named. If surname A, A1, B in a vertical line is changed andthe Christian name does not change, members of other families are named(see Blanár 1945, 1950). This rule is modified in cases in which, in thestable binary naming system, persons who are not related have the samesurname and in cases where their kinship ties are loosened by furtherbranching of consanguineous relatives. The possibilities for identification(and derivation) are not equal in the first naming and binary namin gsystems. In the first naming system, lexical selection and specifically anthroponymicword-forming procedures carry the most weight. In the binarynaming system, the surname is the determining factor in expressingfamily affiliations. That is why, in the class of surnames, the group ofanthro polexemes as well as the group of anthropoformants spreads so re-
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Page 8 and 9: 96 Vincent Blanáror not reference
Page 10 and 11: 98 Vincent Blanárimportant in prac
Page 12 and 13: 100 Vincent Blanárcial needs to co
Page 14 and 15: 102 Vincent BlanárThe name is a se
Page 16 and 17: 104 Vincent Blanárand communicativ
Page 18 and 19: 106 Vincent Blanártion) as the sec
Page 20 and 21: 108 Vincent Blanárkurča (chicken)
Page 22 and 23: 110 Vincent Blanárpapers and magaz
Page 26 and 27: 114 Vincent Blanármarkably. Specif
Page 28 and 29: 116 Vincent Blanáracteristic, nick
Page 30 and 31: 118 Vincent Blanárcharacter. These
Page 32 and 33: 120 Vincent Blanárword-forming mod
Page 34 and 35: 122 Vincent Blanáring point is fou
Page 36 and 37: 124 Vincent Blanárhereditary perso
Page 38 and 39: 126 Vincent Blanárexample: a + B;
Page 40 and 41: 128 Vincent Blanárer) is familiar
Page 42 and 43: 130 Vincent Blanárcommunicative va
Page 44 and 45: 132 Vincent Blanárropean names was
Page 46 and 47: 134 Vincent Blanárhave found four
Page 48 and 49: 136 Vincent BlanárThe frequency da
Page 50 and 51: 138 Vincent BlanárJust as generic
Page 52 and 53: 140 Vincent Blanárthe surnames pro
Page 54 and 55: 142 Vincent Blanárconditions provi
Page 56 and 57: 144 Vincent Blanárand plural is, b
Page 58 and 59: 146 Vincent Blanárfact that these
Page 60 and 61: 148 Vincent BlanárThe concept unde
Page 62 and 63: 150 Vincent BlanárThe frequency of
Page 64 and 65: 152 Vincent BlanárReferencesBeleň
Page 66 and 67: 154 Vincent BlanárDolník, Juraj,
Page 68 and 69: 156 Vincent BlanárPaikkala, Sirrka

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