Proper Names in the Light of Theoretical Onomastics

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122 Vincent Blanáring point is found in work by P. Čučka (2005: Historical-etymological dictionaryof Ukrainian surnames from the Transcarpathian region).The modelling of toponyms was closely analysed and, using the Czechlanguage, explained by R. Šrámek (1971/ 73, 1972 / 73, 1976, 1999) in thecourse of the process of the systematic development of his concept of functionalonomastics (on the whole, close to the perception which I formulatein this contribution). A model description of the formation of geographicalnames in Moravia and Silesia by J. Pleskalová (1992) also points outperspectives in comparative onomastics. At this point, reference shouldbe made to the studies by a Slovak researcher, M. Majtán (1976, 1996 andelsewhere).3. 1 The onymic system and its realisation in a textBy a functional revaluation of the supra-individual pragmatic, sociallysignificant features of a name which are characteristic of whole classesof propria, a content component of naming models was constituted. Themotivational and word-forming components stemmed from the namingcapa cities of the respective language code. The naming models are thebasic constituents of onymic systems which, in language communication,are realised as anthroponymic, toponymic, chrematonymic and othersigns. In these signs, certain official rules or conventional usages of a givenonymic system are stressed. Individual personal names are the expressionsof onymic system standards. The onymic system is an abstract unitof the functional system-forming components and rules, standards andmodels which are specific to individual onymic classes. The organisationaland system-forming principle of all onymy and onymic systems is thebasic function of proper names 〈socially determined identification // differentiation〉.This general feature of the proprial sphere comprises nomination,identification and differentiation; individual onymic subsystems aredistinguished by their specifying features (see chapter 2. 1). The onymicsystem and its functioning in speech and in text are the two inter relatedsides of a single coin. What is generally onymic exists only through aconcrete realisation in communication. By means of its content and form,every onymi c sign is incorporated into a microstructure (synonymous,homonymous and other) of relations, which is one of the characteristicfeatures of any given onymy (for more detail, see Blanár 1977 ). Onymicsystems have their central, marginal and transitional zones. In internally
Proper Names In the Light of Theoretical Onomastics123varied systems, such as classes of living personal names or geographicalnames, an important characteristic of the structural organisation of themicro system is the intensive usage of certain content models, motivationalmodels and word-forming models in individual geographical areas and intheir historical development. The degree of productivity of these modelsis reflected in the frequency of their use. The differences in proprial andappellative nomination relate to the fact that onymic and dialect areas donot overlap. Onymic systems, as expressed in a term by V. Mathesius, areflexibly stable. Their dynamic character results from a tension between thenaming needs of socially determined identification // differentiation (thesereflect administrative-legal and more restricted social standards which,however, are not static variables) and the naming capacities of a respectivelanguage. Proper names act in communication as prototypes. The realisationof elemental system components, as presented in an onymic situation,and the mental representation of language-users has a dynamic characterand that is why the formal onymic system also has a dynamic status.Onymic systems, in respect of the character of the objects named, manifestthemselves in a certain way in area, time and frequency dimensions.For example, toponymic names in their motivation are permanently relatedto their location in a geographical area. They are termed proprial(or system) areas. System areas have their time layers and space areasin which macrotypes, microtypes and the so-called small types of localnames are studied. In local names, we observe how naming standards intoponymy react to changes in the onymic situation. Quite a large role inthe stabilisation and modification of naming standards is played by theideological positions adopted by the political representatives of a stateadministration. Proprial lingual geography represents a shift from theetymologising aspect; it is one of the basic working methods of currentonomastics (see Šrámek 1999, 86).The functioning of anthroponyms and the anthroponymic system isperformed externally as part of a change of named persons in the classesof men, women and (unmarried) children over generations. Within thesethree classes, the reproduction of a personal name is realised with eachnew generation. Personal naming involves not only the dynamic whichfollows from the need to name new individuals in the continuous exchangeof generations but, from the early mediaeval period, a significantrole is played by the way in which family relations within kinship groupswas expressed. The development progressed from a system of non-
Page 1 and 2: Vincent Blanár, BratislavaProper N
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Page 8 and 9: 96 Vincent Blanáror not reference
Page 10 and 11: 98 Vincent Blanárimportant in prac
Page 12 and 13: 100 Vincent Blanárcial needs to co
Page 14 and 15: 102 Vincent BlanárThe name is a se
Page 16 and 17: 104 Vincent Blanárand communicativ
Page 18 and 19: 106 Vincent Blanártion) as the sec
Page 20 and 21: 108 Vincent Blanárkurča (chicken)
Page 22 and 23: 110 Vincent Blanárpapers and magaz
Page 24 and 25: 112 Vincent Blanárserves as the so
Page 26 and 27: 114 Vincent Blanármarkably. Specif
Page 28 and 29: 116 Vincent Blanáracteristic, nick
Page 30 and 31: 118 Vincent Blanárcharacter. These
Page 32 and 33: 120 Vincent Blanárword-forming mod
Page 36 and 37: 124 Vincent Blanárhereditary perso
Page 38 and 39: 126 Vincent Blanárexample: a + B;
Page 40 and 41: 128 Vincent Blanárer) is familiar
Page 42 and 43: 130 Vincent Blanárcommunicative va
Page 44 and 45: 132 Vincent Blanárropean names was
Page 46 and 47: 134 Vincent Blanárhave found four
Page 48 and 49: 136 Vincent BlanárThe frequency da
Page 50 and 51: 138 Vincent BlanárJust as generic
Page 52 and 53: 140 Vincent Blanárthe surnames pro
Page 54 and 55: 142 Vincent Blanárconditions provi
Page 56 and 57: 144 Vincent Blanárand plural is, b
Page 58 and 59: 146 Vincent Blanárfact that these
Page 60 and 61: 148 Vincent BlanárThe concept unde
Page 62 and 63: 150 Vincent BlanárThe frequency of
Page 64 and 65: 152 Vincent BlanárReferencesBeleň
Page 66 and 67: 154 Vincent BlanárDolník, Juraj,
Page 68 and 69: 156 Vincent BlanárPaikkala, Sirrka

Proper Names in the Light of Theoretical Onomastics

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