Proper Names in the Light of Theoretical Onomastics

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124 Vincent Blanárhereditary personal names through names identified more closely withthe help of bynames and individual characteristics to an anthroponymicsystem, the basic component of which is the surname as a symbol ofconsan guineity. In such a way, a qualitatively new onymic system as anonymic generalium, was established by this internal reconstruction. TheChristian name “dropped” to the position of the determining componentand the former determining component, strengthened by new anthroponymicfeatures, became the hierarchically basic component in the namingscheme (see chapter 2. 4). The administrative requirements of an organisedstate and the effort of the privileged class to strengthen their own legaland ownership claims provided the impetus behind the internal reorganisationof the anthroponymic system.Statistical analysis of personal names and local names has shown thatindividual names and also content models and word-forming modelscan be distinguished by the frequency characteristic of certain classes ofnames. In content models, motivational models and word-forming models,various more or less productive naming procedures have been identified.In microsystems, productive and peripheral models are distinguishedin respect of their use. The important discovery was made that contentmodels also have their characteristic area distribution, can be processedby cartography and disclose new interesting facts which can be used incomparative studies.In the research so far, an analysis of real proper names which can beobserved externally has been preferred. Focus on research into super ficialphenomena fails to address a large number of questions which theo reticalonomastics attempts to answer. Like source materials in heuristic studies,material descriptions are essential prerequisites for penetrating into adeeper structure of onymic relations. Let us give some examples. J. Svoboda(1964, 187 ) reflects that old Czech bynames are not stabilised, theyare variable and non-hereditary (it is also true that there are some examplesfrom the 14 th and 15 th centuries in which some bynames were passedon to the second generation) and that is why, up to the 18 th century, officialdocuments and records were arranged by Christian names which werethe persons’ own names. However, the author does not address the questionof what system changes led to the transition from the first naming tothe binary naming anthroponymic system, why official documents and re -cords were later listed alphabetically by surname. In an international handbookon onomastics Namenarten und ihre Erforschung (2004, 671), R. and
Proper Names In the Light of Theoretical Onomastics125V. Kohlheim make an original methodological contribution to the developmentof particular personal names (Rufnamen) in a first naming system.And, similarly, W. Wenzel (2004, 705), who analyses in detail the historicaland social conditions leading to the inheritance and establishment of thewritten form of bynames (protosurnames), does not consider in what thetransformation of the system relations between the Christian name andsurname in the transition from the first naming to binary naming systemlies and how this transformation is manifested or, in other words, whatled to the hierarchical transformation of these two functional components(in detail, see chapter 2. 4).A textological method introduced a deeper view of the position of theproper name in a microtext (compare, e. g. Harweg 1993; Werner 1989). Itis interesting to note that, in deepened textological contributions, the socalledproprial context P : P : P was not taken into consideration althoughpragmatic supra-individual features can be abstracted, especially in proprialcontexts. R. Harweg analyses, from the aspect of its linguistic status,the use of the Christian name as a bearer of sentence stress in a macrotextbut not as a functional component of an anthroponymic system (of a certainsubsystem).Up to the present, the analysis of isolated proper names obscures theproblems associated with the content (meaning) of a proper name. Onesidedunderstanding of an onymic sign can hardly address this question.Perhaps, the above examples can serve to demonstrate the need for thenon-conditional collaboration of the two methodological procedures: theanalysis of a concrete (and as diverse as possible) material must be linkedwith an effort to decipher the internal system relations in the organisationand social functioning of onymic systems.A note on terminology.Anthroponymy as a systematic structured and standardised whole andas an open set of names which act in social communication is two interrelatedvariables; the first belongs to “langue” and the second to speech andtext. Therefore, it is reasonable to distinguish between them:An anthroponymic system as a phenomenon of deep structure (langue)can have the character of a first naming structure when, hierarchically,the Christian name is the basic component; when the basic component isthe surname then the binary naming system is involved; a special typeis a name with an obligatory patronymic and (hereditary) surname. For
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Page 64 and 65: 152 Vincent BlanárReferencesBeleň
Page 66 and 67: 154 Vincent BlanárDolník, Juraj,
Page 68 and 69: 156 Vincent BlanárPaikkala, Sirrka

Proper Names in the Light of Theoretical Onomastics

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