HHC Health & Home Care Clinical Policy And

HHC HEALTH & HOME CARE Section: 14-20
Emergency: Sprains And Strains __RN
PURPOSE:
To render first aid to a person suffering from a sprain
and strain.
CONSIDERATIONS:
1. A sprain usually occurs by forcing a joint beyond the
normal range of motion. This motion causes injury
to the soft tissue surrounding the joints by stretching
or tearing ligaments, muscles, tendons, and blood
vessels.
2. The signs and symptoms of a sprain are: rapid
swelling, bruising, discoloration of the skin, and pain
upon movement of the joint.
3. It is usually impossible to tell a sprain from a closed
fracture without an x-ray.
EQUIPMENT:
Cold compresses or ice bag
Compression wrap (elastic bandage)
PROCEDURE:
1. Adhere to Universal Precautions.
2. Explain procedure to patient.
3. Elevate and rest the affected part (above the level of
the heart, if possible) for at least 12 hours.
4. Apply cold compresses or ice bag intermittently (15
minutes on, 15 minutes off during waking hours) for
the first 12 to 48 hours in order to reduce swelling
and pain. Do not apply directly on skin.
5. Ambulate as tolerated.
AFTER CARE:
1. If the sprain is severe with instability of the joint or if
the swelling and pain persists, refer for medical
assistance.
2. Document in patient's record:
a. Incident and degree of injury.
b. Treatment provided.
c. Patient's response to treatment.
d. Referral to medical assistance.
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