Technical Manual - Renaissance Learning

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Content and Item DevelopmentItem Development: STAR Early Literacy EnterpriseThe design of items for new skills followed this process:Research into current practice and theory was undertaken.An expert with an assessment background in early literacy was engaged toprovide guidance on the development.The Media team provided input on the wording of scripts to ensureconsistency with other items in the product.After new items were created, they went through the calibration process, afterwhich they were analyzed for their effectiveness by psychometricians and theContent team.Text of Scripts/Audio InstructionsBlending parts of 2- or 3- syllable words (as in PA03) or Phoneme Segmentation (asin PA09) or Syllabification (SA02):1. Each word will first be pronounced as shown in the pronunciation guide in thedictionary.2. For the purpose of demonstrating blending of syllables or syllablesegmentation, words will be pronounced using the word breaks given in thedictionary, not the pronunciation guides.3. The sounds themselves will be pronounced as closely as is possible to the waythe sounds are heard in the word.Retain the accent(s) of the word (not all syllables will be equallyaccented).A vowel in an unaccented syllable makes the schwa sound. Use thatpronunciation in saying the whole word. However, when saying the soundwithin the syllable, use something a little closer to the short vowel sound(using Ehri’s correctionist theory of word learning, 1998). A separatedocument on the research on syllabification is being prepared as of thiswriting.The audio should ensure that the sounds are correctly pronounced andnot turned into nonexistent syllables (not muh but mmm).4. In blending the sounds in the word (“mmmmmmmaaaaaaaaannnnnnnn”). Donot stop between the sounds. Make certain that the sounds are not distortedas you stretch them out. Hold each sound long enough for the students tohear it individually. Stop sounds cannot be prolonged without distortion.When pronouncing words that begin with stop sounds (such as t, k, and p),pronounce the initial sound quickly and do not stretch it out. Clip the sound ofa consonant stop sound at the end of a word.STAR Early LiteracyTechnical Manual34
Content and Item DevelopmentItem Development: STAR Early Literacy Enterprise5. In segmenting the syllables in a word, stop between the syllables.6. The audio producers should ensure that the phonemes are correctlypronounced and not turned into nonexistent syllables (not muh but mmm).7. “Pick the” is the preferred wording in the last sentence in STAR Early LiteracyEnterprise scripts.STAR Early LiteracyTechnical Manual35
Page 1 and 2: STAR Early LiteracyTechnical Manual
Page 3: ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . .
Page 8 and 9: STAR Early LiteracyTechnical Manual
Page 10 and 11: IntroductionOverviewEnterprise inco
Page 12 and 13: IntroductionDesign of STAR Early Li
Page 14 and 15: IntroductionDesign of STAR Early Li
Page 16 and 17: IntroductionTest SecurityRepeating
Page 18 and 19: IntroductionPsychometric Characteri
Page 20 and 21: IntroductionPsychometric Characteri
Page 22 and 23: IntroductionSTAR Early Literacy Ent
Page 24 and 25: Content and Item DevelopmentThe STA
Page 32 and 33: Content and Item DevelopmentItem De
Page 44 and 45: Core Progress Learning Progression
Page 46 and 47: Psychometric Research Supporting ST
Page 52 and 53: Reliability and Measurement Precisi
Page 64 and 65: ValidityRelationship of STAR Early
Page 74 and 75: ValidityPost-Publication Study Data
Page 86 and 87: ValidityConcurrent Validity of Esti
Page 88 and 89: ValiditySummary of STAR Early Liter
Page 90 and 91: ValidityValidation Research Study P
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ValidityValidation Research Study P
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ValiditySTAR Early Literacy Enterpr
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ValidityThe Validity of Early Numer
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ValidityThe Validity of Early Numer
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ValidityRelationship of STAR Early
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ValidityRelationship of STAR Early
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NormingSTAR Early Literacy Enterpri
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NormingDevelopment of Norms for STA
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NormingData AnalysisTable 49:Gender
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NormingGrowth Normswere smoothed us
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Score DistributionsScaled Scores: S
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Score DefinitionsFor its internal c
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Score DefinitionsEstimated Oral Rea
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STAR Early Literacy Enterprise in t
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AppendixTable 61:STAR Early Literac
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AppendixTable 61:STAR Early Literac
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ReferencesAdams, M. J. (1990). Begi
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IndexAAbsolute growth, 134Access le
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IndexScaled Score norms, 100Scaled
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IndexTest item design guidelinesans
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