Sweating the Small Stuff: Does data cleaning and testing ... - Frontiers

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Kasper and ÜnlüAssumptions of factor analytic approachesABCFIGURE 6 | Distributions of the estimated factor score skewness values as a “function” of factor model and factor position. Factor models are principalcomponent analysis (PCA, or PC), exploratory factor analysis (EFA, or EA), and principal axis analysis (PAA, or PA). Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 stand for 1st, 2nd, 3rd,and 4th factors, respectively. The normal, slightly skewed, and strongly skewed distribution conditions are depicted in the panels A, B, and C, respectively.7. CONCLUSION7.1. SUMMARYAssessing construct validity of a test in the sense of its factorialstructure is important. For example, we have addressed possibleimplications for the analysis of criterion-referenced tests or forsuch large scale assessment studies as the PISA or PIRLS. Thereare a number of latent variable models that may be used toanalyze the factorial structure of a test. This paper has focusedFrontiers in Psychology | Quantitative Psychology and Measurement March 2013 | Volume 4 | Article 109 | 135
Kasper and ÜnlüAssumptions of factor analytic approachesABCFIGURE 7 | Distributions of the p-values of the Shapiro-Wilk test statistic W as a “function” of factor model and factor position. Factor models areprincipal component analysis (PCA, or PC), exploratory factor analysis (EFA, or EA), and principal axis analysis (PAA, or PA). Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 stand for 1st,2nd, 3rd, and 4th factors, respectively. The normal, slightly skewed, and strongly skewed distribution conditions are depicted in the panels A, B, and C,respectively.on the following classical factor analytic approaches: principalcomponent analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and principalaxis analysis. We have investigated how accurately the factorialstructure of test data can be estimated with these approaches,when assumptions associated with the procedures are not satisfied.We have examined the scope of those methods for estimatingproperties of the population latent ability distribution, especiallywhen that distribution is slightly or strongly skewed (and notnormal).The estimation accuracy of the classical factor analyticapproaches has been investigated in a simulation study. The studyhas in particular shown that the estimation of the true numberof factors and of the underlying factor loadings seems to be relativelyrobust against a skewed population ability or factor scoredistribution (see Sections 5.1 and 5.3, respectively). Skewness anddistribution of the estimated factor scores, on the other hand,have been seen to be sensitive concerning the properties of thetrue ability distribution (see Section 5.2). Therefore, the classicalwww.frontiersin.org March 2013 | Volume 4 | Article 109 | 136
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FRONTIERS COPYRIGHTSTATEMENT© Copy
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Table of Contents05 Is Data Cleanin
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OsborneAssumptions and data cleanin
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLEpublished:
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Hoekstra et al.Why assumptions are
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TressoldiPower replication unreliab
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