Recipes for Survival_English_tcm46-28192

WSPA/APE ALLIANCERECIPES FOR SURVIVALA frequently published estimate is between 100,000 and 200,000, but this is likely tohave declined significantly due to the bushmeat trade and ebola outbreaks (Walsh et al,2003). The species estimate comprises four sub-species (see taxonomic note in Preface):Western Chimpanzee P. t. verus: 21,300 – 55,600 (Kormos and Boesch, 2003)Nigerian Chimpanzee P. t. vellorosus: 5,000 – 8,000 (Kormos and Boesch, 2003)Central Chimpanzee P. t. troglodytes: 62,000 (Butynski, 2000)Eastern Chimpanzee P. t. schweinfurthii*: 96,000 (Butynski, 2000) – note,this sub-species has now been divided into two, with all populations south ofRutshuru to Murungu in the DRC, and those in Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzaniabeing in the newly described P. t. marungensis (Groves, 2005).Estimated harvest rates range from 131 annually in North-east Congo (Kano & Asato,1994) to 400 annually in Cameroon (Pearce & Ammann, 1995). Across the CongoBasin, up to 3,000 chimpanzees are harvested (killed) each year (Marshall et al, 2000;Pearce & Ammann, 1995).In the Lopé reservation of Gabon, chimpanzee density has declined by up to 30% as aresult of logging activities (Medou, 2001).Bonobo Pan paniscusBonobos are endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo, with a pre-war estimatedpopulation of 10,000 – 50,000, based on extrapolation from small-area densitysurveys. A much published guesstimate is 15,000, but Butynski (2000) gave 30,000 –50,000 and Myers Thompson (1997) calculated 29,500, contrasting with the fearexpressed in the 1995 Action Plan that ‘The wild population may already number lessthan 5,000’ (Thompson-Handler et al, 1995).Few figures are based on recent fieldwork, except a report of 75% decline in Lomakopopulation since 1998 (Ammann, Bowman and Dupain, 2002).Commercial hunting and capturing of bonobos began in 1984 and has risen during theabsence of researchers as a result of political and economic crisis (Thompson-Handleret al, 1995). Animals were typically killed for their meat, medicinal or magicalproperties (some body parts thought to enhance strength and increase sexual vigour),and illegal export of live animals to Europe and the Far East for zoos, pets andbiomedical research (Lee et al, 1988). Deteriorating economic conditions drove peopleinto previously undisturbed areas, particularly Wamba and the Lomako Forest wherebonobos numbers are significant.PRIMATE BUSHMEAT53WSPA/APE ALLIANCE© Ian Redmond52Species IUCN status Estimated population DistributionWestern Chimpanzee Endangered 21,000 – 55,000 Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, GuineaPan troglodytes verus Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, SierraLeone, NigeriaNigeria Chimpanzee Endangered 4,000 – 7,000 E. Nigeria & W. CameroonPan troglodytes vellerosusCentral Chimpanzee Endangered 47,000 – 78,000 Gabon, Cameroon, Republic of Congo,Pan troglodytes troglodytes Central African Republic (CAR), EquatorialGuinea, Angola (Cabinda), SE Nigeria,(Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC)?Eastern Chimpanzee Endangered 75,200 – 117,000 Burundi, CAR, DRC, Rwanda, Sudan,Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Tanzania, Uganda.(includes newly describedP.t.marugensis)Bonobo Endangered 25,000 – 50,000 DRCPan paniscus (A2cd)Western lowland gorilla Endangered 110,000 (WWF, 2003) Gabon, Republic of Congo, AngolaGorilla gorilla gorilla 40,000 (Raffaele, 2005) (Cabinda), Cameroon, CAR, EquatorialGuinea (Western DRC?)Cross river gorilla Critically