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and harvest rates of bushmeat species in afrotropical forests. Biological Conservation121: 167 – 176.Carpaneto G.M. & Fusari A. (2000). Subsistence hunting and bushmeat exploitationin central-western Tanzania. Biodiversity and Conservation 9: 1571 – 1585.Fa J.E., Yuste J.E.G. & Castelo R. (2001). Bushmeat markets on Bioko Island as ameasure of hunting pressure. Conservation Biology 14: 1602 – 1613.The 2004 IUCN Red list of Threatened Species (2004) http://www.redlist.org/Kaul, R., Hilaluddin, Jandrotia, J.S. & McGowan, P.J.K. (2004). Hunting of largemammals and pheasants in the Indian Western Himalaya. Oryx 38: 426 – 431.Milner-Gulland E.J. & Clayton L. (2002). The trade in babirusas and wild pigs inNorth Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecological Economics 42: 165 – 183.Mittermeier, R.A., Valladares-Pádua, C., Rylands, A.B., Eudey, A.A., Butynski, T.M.,Ganzhorn, J.U., Kormos, R., Aguiar, J.M. & Walker, S. (2005). Primates in Peril: Theworld’s 25 most endangered primates 2004 – 2006. IUCN/SSC, Washington, D.C.Peres C.A. (2000). Effects of subsistence hunting on vertebrate community structurein Amazonian forests. Conservation Biology 14: 240 – 253.Rowcliffe, J.M., Cowlishaw, G. & Long, J. (2003). A model of human huntingimpacts in multi-prey communities. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 872 – 889Stein, J.T. and BCTF (2001). Species Affected by the Bushmeat Trade. BushmeatCrisis Task Force, Washington D.C.Thibault M. & Blaney S. (2003). The oil industry as an underlying factor in thebushmeat crisis in Central Africa. Conservation Biology 17: 1807 – 1813.APPENDIXWSPA/APE ALLIANCE102RECIPES FOR SURVIVALAppendix 1Species worldwide recorded as being hunted for bushmeatSee separate documentIn 1998, Bowen-Jones listed 25 species at risk from bushmeat hunters, a figure thathas risen more than 50-fold since. It is almost impossible to quantify exactly how manyspecies are affected, because of the opportunistic nature of hunting and the use ofindiscriminate techniques such as snaring. The data in this appendix are notcomprehensive but are representative of global bushmeat off-take (primarily in tropicalcountries, excluding Australia and including southern Africa). See separate documentfor list of species; literature sources include:Barnett, R. (2000). Food for Thought: The Utilisation of Wild Meat in Eastern andSouthern Africa. TRAFFIC/WWF/IUCN, Nairobi, Kenya.Bowen-Jones, E. (1998). The African Bushmeat Trade – A Recipes for Extinction. ApeAlliance, UK.Bowen-Jones, E. & Pendry, S. (1999). The threat to primates and other mammals fromthe bushmeat trade in Africa, and how this threat could be diminished. Oryx 33: 233 – 246.Cowlishaw, G., Mendelson, S. & Rowcliffe, J.M. (2005). Structure and Operation ofa Bushmeat Commodity Chain in Southwestern Ghana. Conservation Biology 19: 139.de Foliart, G.R. (2002). The Human Use of Insects as a Food Resource: ABibliographic Work in Progress. University of Wisconsin, USA; http://www.wisc.edu/de Merode E., Homewood K. & Cowlishaw G. (2004). The value of bushmeat andother wild foods to rural households living in extreme poverty in Democratic Republic ofCongo. Biological Conservation 118: 573 – 581Fa J.E., Ryan S.F. & Bell D.J. (2005). Hunting vulnerability, ecological characteristics103
RECIPES FOR SURVIVALAPPENDIXWSPA/APE ALLIANCEAppendix 2Primate species worldwide recorded as being huntedfor bushmeatSee Appendix 1 for literature sources.ATELIDAEOreonax flavicauda Yellow-tailed woolly monkey CR B1+2ABCDE, C2A South AmericaCALLITRICHIDAESaguinus nigricollis Tamarin LC South AmericaCEBIDAESaimiri sciureus Squirrel monkey LC South AmericaAlouatta seniculus Howler monkey LC South AmericaAteles hybridus brunneus Brown spider monkey CR A3CD South AmericaAteles paniscus Spider monkey LC South AmericaCacajao calvus Bald uakari NT South AmericaCacajao melanocephalus Black uakari LC South AmericaCallicebus moloch Titi monkey LC South AmericaCebus apella Capuchin LC South AmericaCebus xanthosternos Buff-headed tufted capuchin CR A2CD; C2A(I) South AmericaCebus xanthosternos Yellow-breasted capuchin CR A2CD; C2A(I) South AmericaChiropotes albinasus Red-nosed saki LC South AmericaChiropotes chiropotes Bearded saki LC South AmericaChiropotes satanus Bearded saki EN A2CD; B2AB (I,II,III); South AmericaC2A (I)Chiropotes utahickae Uta Hick's bearded saki VU A3CD South AmericaLagothrix lagotricha Humboldt's woolly monkey LR/LC South AmericaPithecia aequatorialis Equatorial saki LR/LC South AmericaPithecia albicans Buffy skai LC South AmericaPithecia irrorata Gray monkey saki LC South AmericaPithecia monachus Geoffroy's monk saki LC South AmericaPithecia pithecia Golden-faced saki LC South AmericaCECOPITHECIDAEBrachyteles hypoxanthus Northern muriqui CR B1AB(I,II,III,IV,V) South America+2AB(I,II,III,IV,V)Cercocebus agilis Agile mangabey NR Sub-Saharan AfricaCercocebus albigena Grey cheeked mangabey (W&C) LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaCercocebus atys Sooty mangabey LR/NT Sub-Saharan AfricaCercocebus atys lunulatus White-naped mangabey LR/NT Sub-Saharan AfricaCercocebus galeritus Crested mangabey LR/NT Sub-Saharan AfricaCercocebus mitis White-collared mangabey / LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaSamango monkeyCercocebus torquatus Collared mangabey (W&C) LR-NT Sub-Saharan AfricaCercocebys sanjei Sanje mangabey NR Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus aethiops Grivet monkey LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus ascanius Red-tailed monkey LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus campbelli Campbell’s monkey LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus cephus Moustached monkey (W&C) LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus denti Dent's monkey NR Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus diana Diana guenon EN A1CD+2CD Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus dryas Dryad monkey DD Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus erythrogaster Red-bellied guenon EN A1CD Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus erythrotis Red-eared guenon VU A1CD+2CD Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus hamlyni Owl faced monkey (W&C) LR-NT Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus mitis Samango monkey (E&S) LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus neglectus De Brazza's monkey LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus nictitans Greater white nosed monkey (W&C) LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus petaurista Lesser spot-nosed monkey LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus pogonias Crowned guenon (W&C) EN Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus preussi Preuss's guenon EN A1CD+2CD Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus sclateri Sclater's guenon EN B1+2C Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithecus solatus Sun-tailed guenon VU B1+2ABCDE, C1 Sub-Saharan AfricaCercopithicus mona Mona monkey (W&C) LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaChlorocebus tantalus Tantalus monkey LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaColobus angolensis Angolan colobus LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaColobus badius pennanti Red colobus (W&C) EN Sub-Saharan AfricaColobus guereza Eastern black & white colobus (W&C) LR/LC Sub-Saharan AfricaColobus polykomos Black-and-white colobus LR/NT Sub-Saharan Africa104 105
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Page 5 and 6: 8RECIPES FOR SURVIVALExecutive Summ
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Page 25 and 26: RECIPES FOR SURVIVALPRIMATE BUSHMEA
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Page 39 and 40: OBSTACLES TO CHANGEObstacles to cha
Page 41 and 42: POTENTIAL SOLUTIONSPotential soluti
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Page 55 and 56: 108RECIPES FOR SURVIVAL.Organisatio
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Page 59 and 60: Redmond, I. (2001) Coltan Boom, Gor
Page 61 and 62: Muntiacus vuquangensis GIANT MUNTJA
Page 63 and 64: Pteropus ornatus ORNATE FLYING FOXP
Page 65 and 66: Miopithecus talapoin talapoin (W&C)
Page 67 and 68: Myosciurus pumilio African pygmy sq
Page 69 and 70: Ducula oceanica MICRONESIAN IMPERIA
Page 71 and 72: Alectoris chukar Chukar partridgeAl
Page 73 and 74: Pelecanus rufescens Pink-backed pel
Page 75 and 76: Sacalia quadriocellata Four-eyed tu
Page 77 and 78: Rana fukienensisRana grahamiRana gu
Page 79 and 80: Rhynchophorus ferrugineus papuanusR
Page 81 and 82: Hypoderma bovisOedemagena tarandiRh
Page 83 and 84: Ugada giovanninaUgada limbalisUgada
Page 85 and 86: PolybiaPolybia diguetanaPolybia ign
Page 87 and 88: Anaphe venataAntheua insignataDesme
Page 89 and 90: Acrida giganteaAcrida lataAcrida su
Page 91 and 92: PhasmatodeaPhasmatidaeEurycantha ho
Page 93 and 94: DD South and South and SE AsiaLR/lc
Page 95 and 96: VU A2c OceaniaVU A2b+3d Sub-Saharan
Page 97 and 98: LR/lc Sub-Saharan AfricaLR/lc Sub-S
Page 99 and 100: DD Sub-Saharan AfricaLC Sub-Saharan
Page 101 and 102: NT OceaniaVU B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v) Sout
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LC South and SE AsiaLC EuropeVU A2c
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LC Sub-Saharan AfricaCR D MesoAmeri
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EN A1d+2d South and SE AsiaVU A1cd+
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LC South and SE AsiaNT East Asia, S
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OceaniaMesoAmerica, Carribbean Isla
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North AmericaNorth AmericaNorth Ame
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Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Afric
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MesoAmericaMesoAmericaSouth America
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Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Afric
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West/Central AsiaEast AsiaSub-Sahar
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OceaniaOceaniaOceaniaSouth and SE A
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Papio cynocephalus Yellow baboon LR
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Berggorilla & Regenwald Stuttgart Z
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Bushmeat Crisis TaskForceJGI Africa
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COMIFAC (Council ofMinisters for Fo
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EAZA EAZA, IFAW EAZA Petition again
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Heifer International South West Far
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IUCN Conservation Breeding Speciali
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MINEF Anti-poaching unit CameroonMi
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Philadelphia Zoo Bushmeat Education
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TRAFFIC Review of bushmeat trade in
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WCS WCS Determining economics ofbus
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WCS, Bronx Zoo WCS Pattycake Fund W
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Wildlife Conservation Society, Amer
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WWF ? Vision for Biodiversity in Co
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Categories Keywords Dates Contact U
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Surveys, Research,Community Researc
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Funding, Research1995 - presentFund
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Livelihoods, Poverty,2002 Joanna El
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Coltan, MiningInformation , Educati
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Policy making, Exchangeinfo, Discus
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Awareness, Timber,Furniture, Coltan
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Bushmeat, Trade,Methodologies,Educa
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Self-sufficiency, Foodsecurity,Food
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Bushmeat, Utilization,Sustainabilit
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Population, Density,Foods, Research
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Law enforcement,Hunting, Densities,
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Campaigning, Primates,Apes, Awarene
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Research, Modeling,Birds, Fish, Pri
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Cameroon governmentMINEF Cameroon M
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Gorilla HavenGov CongoGov. Cameroon
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Peace CorpsPeopleandPlanet.netPercy
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Wisconsin Primate Research Center (
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11111412131116121112121124121916111
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122111112 Governments of Republic o
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2114111122 Primate Conservation1311
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286 World Resources Institute (WRI)
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