I N T R O D U C T I O NFamilies and Child Care<strong>in</strong> Cook CountyMore than one million <strong>child</strong>renunder the age of 13 live <strong>in</strong> CookCounty. A large proportion, andperhaps a majority, of these <strong>child</strong>renreceive regular <strong>care</strong> from someoneother than their parents or guardians:from another relative, a friendor neighbor, a family <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong>home, a <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> center, or apark district or other after-schoolprogram.EXAMINING COOK COUNTY CHILD CARE BY REGIONThroughout this Report we divide Cook County <strong>in</strong>to six regions to show howgeographic differences can affect parents’ success <strong>in</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong>.CHICAGOSUBURBAN COOK COUNTY1) North and Northwest 4) North and Northwest2) Central and West 5) West3) South and Southwest 6) South and SouthwestSee Appendix 1 <strong>for</strong> more detailed def<strong>in</strong>itions of these regions.This 2010 Report of Child Care<strong>in</strong> Cook County exam<strong>in</strong>es the availabilityof <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> to families <strong>in</strong>different parts of Cook County.We present the different sett<strong>in</strong>gs<strong>in</strong> which <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> takes place,the number of <strong>child</strong>ren that can beserved <strong>in</strong> each type of <strong>care</strong>, andthe fees that parents pay to differenttypes of providers. We report theexperiences of some parents whoseek referrals to <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> providersand exam<strong>in</strong>e the dilemmasthey face <strong>in</strong> choos<strong>in</strong>g a providerand the compromises they makeas a result.Chicago and Suburban Cook RegionsNorth & Northwest Suburban CookNorth & Northwest ChicagoCentral & West ChicagoA NOTE ON SUPPLYAND DEMANDWest Suburban CookWhile we subtitle this report“Elements of Child Care Supply andDemand,” we want to caution readersthat the factors that determ<strong>in</strong>ethe supply of and demand <strong>for</strong> <strong>child</strong><strong>care</strong> are numerous and complex.We cannot simply compare thenumber of <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> slots and thenumber of <strong>child</strong>ren <strong>in</strong> need of <strong>care</strong>.Appendix 2 provides a detaileddiscussion of the various elementsthat <strong>in</strong>fluence both <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> supplyand demand and expla<strong>in</strong>s why anSouth & Southwest ChicagoSouth & Southwest Suburban Cook3
The 2010 Report of Child Care <strong>in</strong> Cook Countyeffective analysis of <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> supplyand demand can be so complex.WHAT TYPES OF CHILDCARE ARE AVAILABLE?A family’s success <strong>in</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g quality<strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> is based on many factors<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the family’s location, a<strong>child</strong>’s age, the hours of <strong>care</strong> needed,the amount the family can af<strong>for</strong>dto pay, a <strong>child</strong>’s specific needs, andthe parent’s particular preferences.Assum<strong>in</strong>g <strong>for</strong> a moment that familiescan access all types of <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong>,let’s look at the available options.First, many families only useparental <strong>care</strong>. Either one parentstays home to <strong>care</strong> <strong>for</strong> the <strong>child</strong>ren,or both parents stagger their sched -ules so one can <strong>care</strong> <strong>for</strong> the <strong>child</strong>renwhile the other works, goes to school,or fulfills other responsibilities.Parents who need or want to lookbeyond parental <strong>care</strong> may f<strong>in</strong>d home<strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> an appeal<strong>in</strong>g option.They may take their <strong>child</strong> to thehome of someone they know well,such as a family member, closefriend or neighbor, or someone theydiscovered through word-of-mouthor through a referral service. Theymay also choose a <strong>care</strong>giver whocan provide <strong>care</strong> <strong>in</strong> the <strong>child</strong>’shome, as a nanny does.Many home-based <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong>providers, especially those who provide<strong>care</strong> as an on-go<strong>in</strong>g profession,choose to become licensed. Thismeans the <strong>care</strong> provided <strong>in</strong> theirhomes is regulated by the Ill<strong>in</strong>oisDepartment of <strong>Children</strong> and FamilyServices (DCFS) as well as theirlocal licens<strong>in</strong>g agency, if one exists.Throughout this report, we refer tothese <strong>care</strong>givers as licensed homeproviders, and we refer to thosewithout licenses as license-exempthome providers or family, friend, orneighbor <strong>care</strong> (see the glossary <strong>for</strong>detailed def<strong>in</strong>itions of these terms).License-exempt home <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong>can be provided <strong>in</strong> the home of the<strong>care</strong>giver or the <strong>child</strong>.Parents also have the option of tak<strong>in</strong>gtheir <strong>child</strong> to a <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> center.While most of these facilities arelicensed by DCFS, centers suchas those based <strong>in</strong> school or affiliatedwith religious groups are exemptfrom be<strong>in</strong>g licensed. Center <strong>care</strong>may <strong>in</strong>clude all or part-day <strong>child</strong><strong>care</strong> programs, be<strong>for</strong>e- and afterschoolprograms (<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g thoseprovided by park districts andYMCAs), and full-day summerprograms <strong>for</strong> school-age <strong>child</strong>ren.Parents who may not need full-time<strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> but wish to prepare their3- or 4-year-old <strong>child</strong> <strong>for</strong> k<strong>in</strong>dergartenmay consider a part-dayor part-week preschool program.These programs <strong>in</strong>clude private,tuition-based programs as well asfree public programs such as HeadStart and Preschool <strong>for</strong> All (dataon public and private preschoolprograms are not <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> thisreport).HOW DO FAMILIES FINDCHILD CARE?Families seek <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> by ask<strong>in</strong>grelatives or friends <strong>for</strong> referrals,look<strong>in</strong>g at notices and advertisements,and visit<strong>in</strong>g <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> centers<strong>in</strong> their communities. The State ofIll<strong>in</strong>ois offers a resource <strong>for</strong> families<strong>in</strong> the <strong>for</strong>m of a referral service—Ill<strong>in</strong>ois <strong>Action</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Children</strong> adm<strong>in</strong>istersthis service <strong>for</strong> families <strong>in</strong> CookCounty through its Resource andReferral Program, ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g adatabase of <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> providerswho register voluntarily to bereferred to parents. Child <strong>care</strong>providers supply detailed <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mationabout their programs so thatreferral consultants can help parentsf<strong>in</strong>d providers that match theirneeds and preferences. Referralconsultants help educate parents onwhat constitutes quality <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong>so parents are more equipped toevaluate the programs they visit.WHAT IS THE TYPICALFAMILY EXPERIENCE?While many parents and guardiansare quite satisfied with the <strong>care</strong> their<strong>child</strong>ren receive, many others f<strong>in</strong>dthe process of search<strong>in</strong>g <strong>for</strong> anddecid<strong>in</strong>g on a <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> providerstressful. These parents frequentlyexperience frustration f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g theright <strong>care</strong> at the right hours, rightlocation, and right price.Families search <strong>for</strong> <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong> undersuch vastly different circumstancesthat no one family’s story can beconsidered wholly representative.However, we will <strong>in</strong>troduce several“typical families” <strong>in</strong> an ef<strong>for</strong>t toexplore the complex and oftendifficult decisions Cook Countyfamilies face <strong>in</strong> arrang<strong>in</strong>g <strong>child</strong> <strong>care</strong>.4