The Significance and Sustainability of Charcoal Production in the ...

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is the only site outside Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Kenya, where the bird, Clarke’s Weaver, is known to habitate in the world (Nature Kenya 2008: 3). 3.1 Physical geography In order to understand the importance of the study area as a biodiversity hotspot, features of the physical geography of Dakatcha Woodland including topography, soils, climate, agro- climatic and agro-ecological zones, and vegetation and species are described next. 3.1.1 Topography VI-1 V-1 IV-1 Figure 3. Dakatcha Woodland area and surroundings with the water ways and watershed, Dakatcha Woodland IBA and agro-climatic zones (ACZs): IV-1, V-1, and VI-1 (sources: DEM from Vagen 2010, ACZs from Braun 1980, Kenya Topographical Map 1:50,000; sheet mosaic 1981/1991). 25 - - - ACZ
Data for the topography mapping is derived from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from the Africa Soil Information Service (Vagen 2010). Foeken (2003: 30) distinguish between three topographical zones in the area: the Coastal Plain (0 to 60 meters a.s.l.), the Foot Plateau (60 to 135 meters), and the Coastal Range or Uplands (150 to 460 meters). Major part of Dakatcha Woodland is in the Foot Plateau, where the landscape is gently undulating: slope gradient varies from 0 to 10 percent. Braun (1980) describes the area as lowlands. Figure 3 reveals that the IBA and Dakatcha Woodland area lie 25 to 350 meters a.s.l. 3.1.2 Soils Figure 4. Dominant soils and IPCC soil clay activity boundaries in Dakatcha Woodland area (sources: KenSOTER from ISRIC 2010, IPCC from Batjes 2010). Sand, silt and clay are the three components of soils of which ratio roughly define the soil types which may vary within short distances. Red soils, brown soils, black-cotton soils, sandy 26
Page 1 and 2: Master’s thesis Development Geogr
Page 3 and 4: HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO � HELSINGFORS
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The study was made
Page 7 and 8: 5.1.4 Charcoal network in Dakatcha
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Coordinate
Page 11 and 12: MA&D Market Analysis & Development
Page 13 and 14: y human and natural factors that ca
Page 15 and 16: interviews (2 from October 2010 and
Page 17 and 18: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and re
Page 19 and 20: 1.2.6 Sustainable development and l
Page 21 and 22: including local communities and the
Page 23 and 24: Microsoft Office 2007 package was u
Page 25 and 26: makers; local dwellers; police men;
Page 27 and 28: 2.2.2 DEM, topographical maps and s
Page 29 and 30: 2.2.3 SPOT- satellite images and th
Page 31 and 32: scenes were converted to ATsatellit
Page 33 and 34: Actual classification was performed
Page 35: 3. LOCAL SETTING OF DAKATCHA WOODLA
Page 39 and 40: The mean annual temperature on the
Page 41 and 42: ushes and climbers usually between
Page 43 and 44: 65: 2.6 percent. The total life exp
Page 45 and 46: ease the adaptation or technology;
Page 47 and 48: (SACCOs) (KNBS 2007: v). Money tran
Page 49 and 50: In 2005, community members establis
Page 51 and 52: 3.2.3 Management of Dakatcha Woodla
Page 53 and 54: woodlands and size of individual la
Page 55 and 56: 58.3 percent from 1975 to 2000. The
Page 57 and 58: issues (Bryant et al. 1997: 17-18).
Page 59 and 60: Table 6. The different interests am
Page 61 and 62: The state remains a central actor i
Page 63 and 64: On the other hand, focusing on land
Page 65 and 66: (Hakkarainen & Wilska 2007: 95). Le
Page 67 and 68: exploitation of resources in a prot
Page 69 and 70: All the changes in forest managemen
Page 71 and 72: Commercial Afforestation), is a pro
Page 73 and 74: accumulate assets, but also by crea
Page 75 and 76: dependent on charcoal (KNBS 2007: 1
Page 77 and 78: carbon monoxide, methane and partic
Page 79 and 80: seem to be more productive and prof
Page 81 and 82: 4.5.1 Sustainable woodfuels? Amous
Page 83 and 84: land-use development plans (Kinyanj
Page 85 and 86: Household Energy Network (HEDON) st
Page 87 and 88:
same energy consumption and double
Page 89 and 90:
5. RESULTS Results from the questio
Page 91 and 92:
of the households are situated 1,00
Page 93 and 94:
kiosk/other business. 7 households
Page 95 and 96:
The households are experiencing pro
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 19. Household tree species a
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 22. Correlation between fire
Page 101 and 102:
them about the environmental and ot
Page 103 and 104:
Of the 53 households that were prod
Page 105 and 106:
charcoal there (Ruwa 2010). Accordi
Page 107 and 108:
5.1.5 Energy consumption in househo
Page 109 and 110:
said they were promised jobs. MCC C
Page 111 and 112:
5.1.7 Household awareness of excess
Page 113 and 114:
or tree size; the fractional cover
Page 115 and 116:
Mwanikah (2008: 42-44) identified s
Page 117 and 118:
Table 10 presents the hectares and
Page 119 and 120:
From the forest cover classificatio
Page 121 and 122:
summarized in an error matrix. The
Page 123 and 124:
acknowledged, the large amounts of
Page 125 and 126:
Despite the poor conditions, pineap
Page 127 and 128:
several smaller sacks could be foun
Page 129 and 130:
Table 12. Dakatcha Woodland vegetat
Page 131 and 132:
Anthropogenic factors have contribu
Page 133 and 134:
practice, different sections of the
Page 135 and 136:
natural environment and thus deteri
Page 137 and 138:
however, that formalisation of the
Page 139 and 140:
the other hand, the eco-tourism dev
Page 141 and 142:
promoted by the Charcoal Regulation
Page 143 and 144:
My background as a development geog
Page 145 and 146:
Boyd, J. & S. Banzhaf (2007). What
Page 147 and 148:
GOK (2009). The Forest (Harvesting)
Page 149 and 150:
Information Systems for Resources M
Page 151 and 152:
Program, United Nations Department
Page 153 and 154:
APPENDICES: APPENDIX 1 Questionnair
Page 155 and 156:
2.6.8. Is the charcoal produced for
Page 157 and 158:
APPENDIX 2 Signature separability l
Page 159 and 160:
Signature Separability Listing for
Page 161 and 162:
50 Msufi Mwitu Bamba Bombax rhodogn
Page 163 and 164:
158 Mkayamba Delonix regia 159 Vepr
Page 165 and 166:
Ignorance/ illiteracy High populati
Page 167 and 168:
Water 6 5 5 83.33% 100.00% Woodland
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