The Significance and Sustainability of Charcoal Production in the ...

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Contents of the study ................................................................................................... 1
Figure 2. The location of Dakatcha Woodland and IBA in southeastern Kenya ..................................24
Figure 3. Dakatcha Woodland area and surroundings with the water ways and watershed,
Dakatcha Woodland IBA and agro-climatic zones (ACZs): IV-1, V-1, and VI-1 ............... 25
Figure 4. Dominant soils and IPCC soil clay activity boundaries in Dakatcha Woodland area ............26
Figure 5. Eco-tourism sites in Dakatcha ...............................................................................................39
Figure 6. Framework for Sustainable Livelihoods Approach ...............................................................62
Figure 7. Main household cooking fuel by area in 2005/06 according to statistics from KNBS .........64
Figure 8. Primary type of cooking appliance by area in 2005/06 according to statistics from KNBS ..64
Figure 9. Processes involved in charcoal supply chain ............................................................... 67
Figure 10. Education level of assessed household members in Dakatcha Woodland ...........................79
Figure 11. Housing types in Dakatcha Woodland ..................................................................................79
Figure 12. Distance in meters from the households to the nearest water source ................................80
Figure 13. Distance in meters from the households to the forest edge ................................................81
Figure 14. Household income sources in Dakatcha Woodland .............................................................82
Figure 15. Income significance to household income: types of income with >50% contribution to
household income (number of households and percentage of households) ...................... 83
Figure 16. Crops cultivated for sale and consumption by the households interviewed........................83
Figure 17. Problems experienced in agriculture by households ............................................................84
Figure 18. Household income from charcoal production (% of the total income) ....................... 84
Figure 19. Household tree species awareness: the percentage of households that named species for
different uses ........................................................................................................................86
Figure 20. Correlation between charcoal sack production quantity and distance from forest edge ....87
Figure 21. Correlation between firewood headloads produced and distance from forest edge ..........87
Figure 22. Correlation between firewood headloads produced and household member figure ..........88
Figure 23. Correlation between charcoal sack production and household member figure ..................88
Figure 24. Charcoal production site .......................................................................................................91
Figure 25. The amount of charcoal (in kilograms and percentually) transported by different vehicles
through Sabaki Bridge during April 18 to 24, 2001 ...............................................................95
Figure 26. Land cover and soil map for Dakatcha Woodland ............................................................. 102
Figure 27. Land cover in Dakatcha Woodland context area 2005/06 and 2011................................. 105
Figure 28. Land cover in Dakatcha Woodland 2005/06 and 2011 ...................................................... 107
Figure 29. Forest areas in Dakatcha Woodland 2005/06 and 2011 ................................................... 108
Figure 30. Brachystegia woodlands and cynometra thickets in Dakatcha Woodland area in 2011, and
the IBA besides some of the observed charcoal production sites and the location of
assessed households .......................................................................................................... 109
Figure 31. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) in the case of Dakatcha Woodland ............... 124
All photos taken by Eeva Ruuska in Dakatcha Woodland, including the landscape on page i.
v