Coastal Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand: Key Issues for Research

More documents

Recommendations

Info

!!were short term and one issue was short to medium term. As for importance, mostissues were scored as strategic and/or adaptive, with only six issues having a tacticalimportance. The ongoing research effort was generally scored as very low, with 15issues having the lowest possible score. The application of research was very broad;all issues had application to the Asia–Pacific region, and to semi-intensive and intensivesystems. Interestingly, the research was rated as having benefits for a largegroup of people, with the community and fishing groups being targets for 16 of theissues.A)7X#7',1TFSRQGEG Q R S F T U V W GEJ7?*&'!:,0)7Figure 5.The frequency of median scores for issues in the area of environmentalimpact assessment and monitoring.The four issues with the highest ranking (i.e. mean score "6.8) were: assessmentof causes of water quality deterioration (issue 32); effluent management and wastetreatment technologies (issue 34); reduction of pollutant loads through developmentof low pollution feeds (issue 35); and integrated participatory approach to improveshrimp wastewater management (issue 53). These issues were considered to have thehighest impacts on productivity, to be achievable in the medium to long term, and tobe mainly of strategic and tactical importance. In keeping with the overall trends, theongoing research for these four issues was very low, and the application of theresearch was to broad socioeconomic groups, including the fishing industry and thecommunity.Further, one participant commented that issues 34 and 53 could be incorporatedinto one research project, and issues 46, 48, 50 and 52 (see Appendix 2) were on asimilar theme and could be combined in one research project.Feed and nutritionThe statistics for the 13 issues identified in the area of feed and nutrition areshown in Appendix 3. The overall trends show that only 4 of the 13 issues (i.e. 31%)had a median score of "6 out of 10 (Figure 6). Also, the issues had a relativelymodest score for impact on productivity, with only seven issues scoring greater thanaverage. Issues were achievable in either a short or medium term; no issues wererated as long term. The issues were either adaptive and/or strategic, with no issuesidentified as tactical. Ongoing research efforts were relatively low, with 10 of theissues having had little or very little research efforts. The targets of the research weregenerally the Asia–Pacific region, semi-intensive and intensive systems, and allscales of farms. The exception was issue 5 (use of local raw materials), which was of100
!! !benefit only to some countries. Other exceptions were issues which had applicationto either the fishing industry or the community and these exceptions were: studies toreduce feed conversion ratio (FCR) (issue 55); removing shrimp by-products ormarine protein from feed (issues 57 and 63); and reducing the impact of feed on theenvironment (issue 64).A)7X#7',1Figure 6.TSQEThe four most highly ranked issues (i.e. scoring "6.4) were: reducing FCR (issue55); feed management strategies (issue 54); improved protein digestibility and utilisationof animal/marine protein (issue 63); and strategies to reduce impact of feed onthe environment (issue 64). These four issues all received a high rating for impact offeed on productivity and were mainly achievable in the medium term. Issues 54 and55 have received a relatively high level of ongoing research while issues 63 and 64have had less research effort. Except for issue 54, these issues had impacts on thefishing industry and the community.Also, one participant commented that issues 54, 55 and 64 were related and couldbe combined in a research project, and that issues 34, 35 and 53 (see Appendix 3)could also be investigated in the same project.Genetics and broodstockG Q R S F T U V W GEJ7?*&'!:,0)7The frequency of median scores for issues in the area of feed andnutrition.The statistics for the 14 issues in the area of genetics and broodstock (Appendix4) reveal there are gaps in research which have the potential for large benefits to theindustry. Overall, a total of 11 of the 14 issues (i.e. 79%) had a median score of "6out of 10 (Figure 7), a level which identified this area of research as receiving thehighest support by participants. Also, the impacts on productivity were rated as relativelyvery high, with ten issues scoring above average impacts. Achievability rangedfrom short to long term; eight issues were long term, or long to medium term, whilefive issues were short or short to medium term. The importance ranged equallybetween strategic, adaptive and tactical. Ongoing research was relatively poor, witheight issues scoring the lowest score and the remaining issues scoring average or lessthan average ongoing effort. The application of the research was to the Asia–Pacificregion, all systems and all scales of farms. Importantly, six issues also had the fishingindustry as the target group, principally by reducing the need to use wild broodstockor by learning more about wild populations. One issue also had importance forresearch effort by providing healthy stocks for disease research (issue 79).The four issues with highest priority (mean score "7.3) were: development ofhigh health hatchery production methods (issue 77); the study of endocrinology ofbroodstock maturation (issue 67); development of techniques for sustainable broodstocksupply (issue 69); and increasing fecundity and nauplius production from pond-101
Page 8 and 9:
!The 1994 Workshop had a working hy
Page 11 and 12:
!The Workshop at Hat Yai, SongkhlaA
Page 13 and 14:
!ReferenceSmith, P.T., ed.. 1999. T
Page 15 and 16:
!Shrimp Farming in ThailandOver the
Page 18 and 19:
! !Table 1. World production (# 1,0
Page 20 and 21:
!Domestic and world demandJapan is
Page 22 and 23:
!Intensification of farms has been
Page 24 and 25:
!no significant difference between
Page 26 and 27:
!Production Practices and Technique
Page 28 and 29:
!use water which is almost fresh (F
Page 30 and 31:
!mended quantities for application
Page 32 and 33:
!the biological processes in sedime
Page 34 and 35:
!factors (Fegan 1994). Environmenta
Page 36 and 37:
!Acid sulphate soils occur in most
Page 38 and 39:
during the rainy season, some deter
Page 40 and 41:
Land subsidenceCoastal land subside
Page 42 and 43:
first when an area becomes environm
Page 44 and 45:
!Administration. Their work has inv
Page 46 and 47:
agriculture, selects coastal land p
Page 48 and 49:
Sustainability, Sustainable Develop
Page 50 and 51: cultural and environmental asset va
Page 52 and 53: $+Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 54 and 55: $#Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 56 and 57: $%Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 58 and 59: capacities of alternative organisms
Page 60 and 61: sources. This is one of the greates
Page 62 and 63: Table 13. (cont’d) Summary of the
Page 64 and 65: Boonyapiwat, S. 1989. Species of ph
Page 66 and 67: Katesombun, B. 1992. Aquaculture pr
Page 68 and 69: Sirisup, S. 1988 Socio-economic cha
Page 70 and 71: !In the preliminary analysis, the s
Page 72 and 73: !until all variables had been teste
Page 74 and 75: !quality problem over the past 3 ye
Page 76 and 77: !Figure 1. Characterisation of prov
Page 78 and 79: !Variables Contributing to Shrimp P
Page 80 and 81: !Figure 5. Relationship between ave
Page 82 and 83: !southern). The linear regression m
Page 84 and 85: !Appendix. Results of logistic regr
Page 86 and 87: !2) Trat ProvinceClassification tab
Page 88 and 89: !Chi-square df significanceModel Ch
Page 90 and 91: !8) Satun ProvinceClassification ta
Page 92 and 93: !Variables in the equationConstant
Page 94 and 95: !A total of 49 participants were in
Page 96 and 97: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Fi
Page 98 and 99: !All issues are listed in Appendice
Page 102 and 103: !reared broodstock (issue 71). They
Page 104 and 105: !!Two participants commented that i
Page 106 and 107: mation transfer and training. This
Page 108 and 109: 108Appendix 1. (cont’d) Descripti
Page 112 and 113: 112Appendix 2. Descriptive statisti
Page 122 and 123: Appendix 5. (cont’d) Descriptive
Page 124 and 125: Appendix 7. Descriptive statistics
Page 126 and 127: Appendix 7. (cont’d) Descriptive
Page 130 and 131: !ParticipantsAustraliaDr Paul T. Sm
show all

Coastal Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand: Key Issues for Research

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?