Coastal Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand: Key Issues for Research

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110Appendix 1. (cont’d) Descriptive statistics for research issues in the area of disease and health.No. Research issue Impact onproductivity aAchievability(time frame) b Importance c Ongoingresearch (pastand presentefforts) d23 Rapid diagnosis for virulence +++ medium strategic andtactical24 Development of accreditationschemes for chemical agents25 Screening of new and naturalsources of therapeutants (herbs etc.)26 Studies on safe techniques (withrespect to user, shrimp,environment) for eliminatingcarriers/reservoirs27 Development of safe methods forcontrol of shrimp fouling28 Residues of pesticides/heavymetals–disease interactionsApplication ofresearch (i.e. targetgroup) e+++ regions.i. and i. systemsbig farms+++ short tactical +++ regions.i. and i. systemsbig farms+++ medium tactical andadaptive++++ medium tactical andstrategic++ regions.i. and i. systemsall farms++ regions.i. and i. systemsall farms++++ medium strategic +++ regions.i. and i. systemsall farms+++ short strategic andadaptive+++ some countries allsystems farms andfishingPrioritymean score & s.d.(median) f5.8 & 1.9 (5)4.7 & 1.8 (5)5.1 & 2.3 (5)5.5 & 2.4 (6)4.8 & 2.6 (5)4.9 & 2.3 (5)
111Appendix 1. (cont’d) Descriptive statistics for research issues in the area of disease and health.No. Research issue Impact onproductivity a29 Studies on sub-lethal/chroniceffects of toxicants on variousshrimp life stages (toxicology)30 Interactions between nutrition andshrimp health31 Studies on biological control ofdisease in hatchery and farm(including vertical transmission ofdisease in broodstock)Achievability(time frame) b Importance c Ongoingresearch (pastand presentefforts) d++++ medium strategic andadaptiveApplication ofresearch (i.e. targetgroup) e+ region all systemsfarms and fishing+++++ medium strategic +++ region s.i. and i.systems all farms+++++ medium strategic andadaptive++ region all systemsall farmsPrioritymean score & s.d.(median) f5.3 & 1.7 (5)7.5 & 2.0 (8)7.3 & 2.4 (7)From high to low on a scale from +++++ to +.b Short (1–2 yr), medium (2–5 yr), or long (5–10 yr) term.c Strategic = long-term benefits; adaptive = adapt existing technologies; tactical = ‘fire fighting’.d From large, moderate, some or very little effort on a scale from +++++ to +.e Country of application (ranging from regional to country); type of system, ranging from extensive (e.), semi-intensive (s.i.) to intensive (i.); group whichbenefits (ranging from small farms, big farms, community to fishing industry).f From low to high on a scale from 1 to 10, respectively (s.d. = standard deviation).
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!The 1994 Workshop had a working hy
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!The Workshop at Hat Yai, SongkhlaA
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!ReferenceSmith, P.T., ed.. 1999. T
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!Shrimp Farming in ThailandOver the
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! !Table 1. World production (# 1,0
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!Domestic and world demandJapan is
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!Intensification of farms has been
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!no significant difference between
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!Production Practices and Technique
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!use water which is almost fresh (F
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!mended quantities for application
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!the biological processes in sedime
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!factors (Fegan 1994). Environmenta
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!Acid sulphate soils occur in most
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during the rainy season, some deter
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Land subsidenceCoastal land subside
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first when an area becomes environm
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!Administration. Their work has inv
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agriculture, selects coastal land p
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Sustainability, Sustainable Develop
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cultural and environmental asset va
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$+Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
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$#Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
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$%Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
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capacities of alternative organisms
Page 60 and 61: sources. This is one of the greates
Page 62 and 63: Table 13. (cont’d) Summary of the
Page 64 and 65: Boonyapiwat, S. 1989. Species of ph
Page 66 and 67: Katesombun, B. 1992. Aquaculture pr
Page 68 and 69: Sirisup, S. 1988 Socio-economic cha
Page 70 and 71: !In the preliminary analysis, the s
Page 72 and 73: !until all variables had been teste
Page 74 and 75: !quality problem over the past 3 ye
Page 76 and 77: !Figure 1. Characterisation of prov
Page 78 and 79: !Variables Contributing to Shrimp P
Page 80 and 81: !Figure 5. Relationship between ave
Page 82 and 83: !southern). The linear regression m
Page 84 and 85: !Appendix. Results of logistic regr
Page 86 and 87: !2) Trat ProvinceClassification tab
Page 88 and 89: !Chi-square df significanceModel Ch
Page 90 and 91: !8) Satun ProvinceClassification ta
Page 92 and 93: !Variables in the equationConstant
Page 94 and 95: !A total of 49 participants were in
Page 96 and 97: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Fi
Page 98 and 99: !All issues are listed in Appendice
Page 100 and 101: !!were short term and one issue was
Page 102 and 103: !reared broodstock (issue 71). They
Page 104 and 105: !!Two participants commented that i
Page 106 and 107: mation transfer and training. This
Page 108 and 109: 108Appendix 1. (cont’d) Descripti
Page 112 and 113: 112Appendix 2. Descriptive statisti
Page 122 and 123: Appendix 5. (cont’d) Descriptive
Page 124 and 125: Appendix 7. Descriptive statistics
Page 126 and 127: Appendix 7. (cont’d) Descriptive
Page 130 and 131: !ParticipantsAustraliaDr Paul T. Sm
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Coastal Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand: Key Issues for Research

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