Coastal Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand: Key Issues for Research

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Table 13. (cont’d) Summary of the research necessary to address issues of sustainability of theThai shrimp aquaculture industry% Research into alternative species (to Penaeus monodon) for intensive and semiintensiveculture.% Experiments with mixed culture.% Economic rationalism of the industry with full assessment of environmental andsocial issues.% Market price and demand forecasts.% Research into the social impacts of coastal shrimp farming.Conclusions about constraintsResearch can contribute to the development of a sustainable shrimp aquacultureindustry in Thailand. This research will need to be well coordinated and well disseminated.Addressing only one or two of the priority areas in Table 13 may not significantlyimprove current industry sustainability, because issues are interrelated orinterdependent.It is necessary for shrimp farm research that a coordinated and integratedapproach is formulated. This must be fitted within the framework of the existingresearch bodies in Thailand and collaborating overseas institutions. Finally, the roleof the Government of Thailand in embracing the research findings is fundamental tothe future of the industry.AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank the many people who provided information. Theseinclude:– Dr Sidhi Boonyaratpalin, Director, NICA, DOF, Kaosan Soi 1, A. Muang, Songkhla90000, Thailand;– Dr Thanwa Jitsanguan, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand;– Mr Anthony Zola, President, Midas Agronomics Co. Ltd., Sri Ayudthaya Road,Bangkok, Thailand;– Dr James Turnbull, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland;– Dr Somsak Boromthanarat, Director, Coastal Resources Institute (CORIN),Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla, Thailand;– Dr Forrest Dieberg, CORIN, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla, Thailand;– Dr Rungrai Tokrisna, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand;– Mr Sarote Tuachob, General Manager, Nakorn Farm, Charoen PokphandGroup,Thailand;– Professor Yongyuth Yuthavong, Director, National Science and TechnologyDevelopment Agency, Bangkok, Thailand;%+
– Dr Sakarindr Bhumiratana, Director, National Centre for Genetic Engineeringand Biotechnology, Bangkok, Thailand;– Mr Imre Csavas, Regional Aquaculture Officer, Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand;– Mr Kiran Pyakuryal, Natural Resources Division, Economic and Social Commissionfor Asia–Pacific, United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand;– Dr Vitcharn Panit, Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok, Thailand;– Dr Piamsak Menasveta, Aquatic Resources Research Institute, ChulalongkornUniversity, Bangkok, Thailand;– Dr Boonsirm Withyachmnarnkul, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok,Thailand;– Mr Paul Miller, MSc Student, University of Victoria, Vancouver, Canada;– Ms Fiona Gavine, Water Quality and Water Pollution Scientist, NACA, Bangkok,Thailand; and– Mr Dan Fegan, Aquastar Company, Songkhla, Thailand.ReferencesAnon. 1994a. Target of B1.3 trillion set for next year’s exports. Business Post, Bangkok Post,6 November 1994.Anon. 1994b. Mystery plague kills VN shrimp. Bangkok Post, 9 December 1994.Anon. 1994c. Global shrimp production review. C.P. Shrimp News, 2(2), 1.Anon. 1994d. Asian Shrimp News, 3rd Quarter.Anon. 1994e. New brine irrigation system funded. Bangkok Post, 10 October 1994.Anon. 1995a. Polluted water killing farm-bred tiger prawns. Bangkok Post, 28 January 1995.Anon. 1995b. Shrimp farms bounce back. Fish Farming International, 22, 1.Anon. 1998a. Shrimp culture newsletter. C.P. Group (in Thai).Anon. 1998b. Thailand. World shrimp farming 1998. In: Rosenberry, B., ed., Shrimp NewsInternational, 160–174.Apud, F., Primavera, J.H. and Torres, Jr, P.L. 1989. Farming of prawns and shrimps. Aquacultureextension manual, No. 5, third edition. Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines, Southeast AsianFisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department, 66p.Bannarlung, A. 1990. Economic value of mangrove output and the use of mangrove for shrimpproduction. A case study of Bandon Bay. Graduate Research, Kasetsart University.Barde, J.-P. and Pearce, D.W. (ed.) 1991. Valuing the environment. Six case studies. London,Earthscan Publications, 265p.Barg, U.C. 1992. Guidelines for the promotion of environmental management of coastal aquaculturedevelopment (based on review of selected experiences and concepts). Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Fisheries Technical Paper No. 328.Rome, FAO, 122p.Baticados, M.C.L., Lavilla-Pitogo, C.R., Cruz-Lacierda, E.R., de la Pena, L.D. and Sunaz,N.A. 1990. Studies on the chemical control of luminous bacteria Vibrio harveyi and V.splendidus isolated from diseased Penaeus monodon larvae and rearing water. Diseases ofAquatic Organisms, 9, 133–139.%"
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!The 1994 Workshop had a working hy
Page 11 and 12: !The Workshop at Hat Yai, SongkhlaA
Page 13 and 14: !ReferenceSmith, P.T., ed.. 1999. T
Page 15 and 16: !Shrimp Farming in ThailandOver the
Page 18 and 19: ! !Table 1. World production (# 1,0
Page 20 and 21: !Domestic and world demandJapan is
Page 22 and 23: !Intensification of farms has been
Page 24 and 25: !no significant difference between
Page 26 and 27: !Production Practices and Technique
Page 28 and 29: !use water which is almost fresh (F
Page 30 and 31: !mended quantities for application
Page 32 and 33: !the biological processes in sedime
Page 34 and 35: !factors (Fegan 1994). Environmenta
Page 36 and 37: !Acid sulphate soils occur in most
Page 38 and 39: during the rainy season, some deter
Page 40 and 41: Land subsidenceCoastal land subside
Page 42 and 43: first when an area becomes environm
Page 44 and 45: !Administration. Their work has inv
Page 46 and 47: agriculture, selects coastal land p
Page 48 and 49: Sustainability, Sustainable Develop
Page 50 and 51: cultural and environmental asset va
Page 52 and 53: $+Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 54 and 55: $#Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 56 and 57: $%Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 58 and 59: capacities of alternative organisms
Page 60 and 61: sources. This is one of the greates
Page 64 and 65: Boonyapiwat, S. 1989. Species of ph
Page 66 and 67: Katesombun, B. 1992. Aquaculture pr
Page 68 and 69: Sirisup, S. 1988 Socio-economic cha
Page 70 and 71: !In the preliminary analysis, the s
Page 72 and 73: !until all variables had been teste
Page 74 and 75: !quality problem over the past 3 ye
Page 76 and 77: !Figure 1. Characterisation of prov
Page 78 and 79: !Variables Contributing to Shrimp P
Page 80 and 81: !Figure 5. Relationship between ave
Page 82 and 83: !southern). The linear regression m
Page 84 and 85: !Appendix. Results of logistic regr
Page 86 and 87: !2) Trat ProvinceClassification tab
Page 88 and 89: !Chi-square df significanceModel Ch
Page 90 and 91: !8) Satun ProvinceClassification ta
Page 92 and 93: !Variables in the equationConstant
Page 94 and 95: !A total of 49 participants were in
Page 96 and 97: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Fi
Page 98 and 99: !All issues are listed in Appendice
Page 100 and 101: !!were short term and one issue was
Page 102 and 103: !reared broodstock (issue 71). They
Page 104 and 105: !!Two participants commented that i
Page 106 and 107: mation transfer and training. This
Page 108 and 109: 108Appendix 1. (cont’d) Descripti
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112Appendix 2. Descriptive statisti
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114Appendix 2. (cont’d) Descripti
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Appendix 5. (cont’d) Descriptive
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Appendix 7. Descriptive statistics
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Appendix 7. (cont’d) Descriptive
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128Appendix 8. (cont’d) Descripti
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!ParticipantsAustraliaDr Paul T. Sm
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