Coastal Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand: Key Issues for Research

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!Administration. Their work has involved disease research, research into aspects ofsediment and water quality, and modelling of the nutrient budgets of farms.Thai Government Policy and Shrimp FarmingLegislative administration of the coastal area in ThailandTable 11 summarises the main legislation applicable to the coastal zone in Thailand,in terms of national policy and planning, land-use control, environmental quality,and exploitation and conservation of natural resources. Government agenciesresponsible for coastal area administration and coastal resources management may beplaced in three categories (MIDAS 1995): policy agencies, planning agencies andimplementing agencies.Table 11. Legislative administration of the coastal area in Thailand. (Note: Some Acts occurin the table more than once because they influence more than one area of activity.)LegislationNational policy andplanningLand use controlFrom exclusiveeconomic zone toterritorial sea(188 sea miles)From territorial seato shoreline(12 sea miles)LandNational Economic and SocialDevelopment Act, 1978National Environment Act, 1992Tourism Authority of Thailand Act, 1979Agriculture Economic Act, 1979Land Code ofThailand, 1954Town and CountryPlanning Act, 1975Building ControlAct, 1979Agricultural LandConsolidation Act,1974Agricultural ReformAct, 1992Land DevelopmentAct, 1983Environmental qualityBuilding ControlAct, 1992Navigation in Thai Waters Act, 1913Enhancement and Conservation ofEnvironmental Quality Act, 1992Fisheries Act, 1947Natural resources Forest Act, 1941##
!Table 11. (cont’d) Legislative administration of the coastal area in Thailand. (Note: Some Actsoccur in the table more than once because they influence more than one area ofactivity.)PolicyLegislationNatural resources(cont’d)Conservation of naturalareasFrom exclusiveeconomic zone toterritorial sea(188 sea miles)From territorial seato shoreline(12 sea miles)LandNational ForestReserves Act, 1964Wild AnimalsPreservation andReserves Act, 1960Mineral Act, 1976Petroleum Act, 1971Fisheries Act, 1947Wild AnimalPreservation andReserve Act, 1960National ForestReserves Act, 1964Enhancement and Conservation ofEnvironmental Quality Act, 1992National Park Act, 1961Fisheries Act, 1947The two agencies with responsibility for coastal area policy formulation and coordinationare:• the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) inthe Office of the Prime Minister, which is responsible for overall planning as wellas national economic and social development policy formulation; and• the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP) in the Ministry of ScienceTechnology and Environment, which formulates and coordinates detailednational resource policies and plans.The National Committees that develop policy and give advice to planning and implementingagencies are as follows:• National Environment Board. This takes care of the whole environment—settingnational policy to protect the environment and natural resources management.• Land Development Committee. For land classification, this tries to find ways toimprove land-use planning and development.• Central Sub-committee on the Development of Coastal Areas. This reviews andimproves other projects that involve land development.• Provincial Sub-committee on Coastal Area Classification and Development. Thisconsiders projects that involve land classification, provides land information for#$
Page 8 and 9: !The 1994 Workshop had a working hy
Page 11 and 12: !The Workshop at Hat Yai, SongkhlaA
Page 13 and 14: !ReferenceSmith, P.T., ed.. 1999. T
Page 15 and 16: !Shrimp Farming in ThailandOver the
Page 18 and 19: ! !Table 1. World production (# 1,0
Page 20 and 21: !Domestic and world demandJapan is
Page 22 and 23: !Intensification of farms has been
Page 24 and 25: !no significant difference between
Page 26 and 27: !Production Practices and Technique
Page 28 and 29: !use water which is almost fresh (F
Page 30 and 31: !mended quantities for application
Page 32 and 33: !the biological processes in sedime
Page 34 and 35: !factors (Fegan 1994). Environmenta
Page 36 and 37: !Acid sulphate soils occur in most
Page 38 and 39: during the rainy season, some deter
Page 40 and 41: Land subsidenceCoastal land subside
Page 42 and 43: first when an area becomes environm
Page 46 and 47: agriculture, selects coastal land p
Page 48 and 49: Sustainability, Sustainable Develop
Page 50 and 51: cultural and environmental asset va
Page 52 and 53: $+Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 54 and 55: $#Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 56 and 57: $%Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 58 and 59: capacities of alternative organisms
Page 60 and 61: sources. This is one of the greates
Page 62 and 63: Table 13. (cont’d) Summary of the
Page 64 and 65: Boonyapiwat, S. 1989. Species of ph
Page 66 and 67: Katesombun, B. 1992. Aquaculture pr
Page 68 and 69: Sirisup, S. 1988 Socio-economic cha
Page 70 and 71: !In the preliminary analysis, the s
Page 72 and 73: !until all variables had been teste
Page 74 and 75: !quality problem over the past 3 ye
Page 76 and 77: !Figure 1. Characterisation of prov
Page 78 and 79: !Variables Contributing to Shrimp P
Page 80 and 81: !Figure 5. Relationship between ave
Page 82 and 83: !southern). The linear regression m
Page 84 and 85: !Appendix. Results of logistic regr
Page 86 and 87: !2) Trat ProvinceClassification tab
Page 88 and 89: !Chi-square df significanceModel Ch
Page 90 and 91: !8) Satun ProvinceClassification ta
Page 92 and 93: !Variables in the equationConstant
Page 94 and 95:
!A total of 49 participants were in
Page 96 and 97:
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Fi
Page 98 and 99:
!All issues are listed in Appendice
Page 100 and 101:
!!were short term and one issue was
Page 102 and 103:
!reared broodstock (issue 71). They
Page 104 and 105:
!!Two participants commented that i
Page 106 and 107:
mation transfer and training. This
Page 108 and 109:
108Appendix 1. (cont’d) Descripti
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
112Appendix 2. Descriptive statisti
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Appendix 5. (cont’d) Descriptive
Page 124 and 125:
Appendix 7. Descriptive statistics
Page 126 and 127:
Appendix 7. (cont’d) Descriptive
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
!ParticipantsAustraliaDr Paul T. Sm
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Coastal Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand: Key Issues for Research

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