Coastal Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand: Key Issues for Research

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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Figure 2 shows the levels of constraints to issues of sustainable shrimp farming inthe participant’s own country and the Asia–Pacific region. The similarity between thelevels in the participant’s own country and Asia–Pacific suggests there is good scopefor cooperation in research within the region. Common problems could be addressedby developing intra-regional research projects and linkages with related projects.Table 3.Factors which were considered to be the most important constraints to sustainabilityof the shrimp industry in the Asia–Pacific region. Points were allocated to eachresearch area according to its importance in improving the sustainablity of shrimpfarming. Each participant allocated a total of 100 points. Results show mean &standard deviation (minimum–maximum).ConstraintPoints allocationViral disease 13.4 & 5.4 (2–25)Bacterial disease 8.6 & 4.9 (0–20)Self-pollution 10.6 & 7.0 (0–30)Impact of civilisation 2.8 & 3.4 (0–10)Hatchery problems 7.4 & 6.2 (0–30)Broodstock problems 7.3 & 4.9 (0–20)Lack of training 5.0 & 5.3 (0–20)Trade restrictions 2.9 & 3.7 (0–10)Government regulations 5.9 & 3.7 (0–10)Poor pond management 11.3 & 6.1 (0–20)Feed problems 4.7 & 5.0 (0–20)Degrading of ponds with time 8.3 & 5.3 (0–20)Conflicts over land use 4.4 & 4.1 (0–15)Poor infrastructure 4.4 & 3.9 (0–14)Market competition 1.4 & 2.4 (0–9)Lack of appropriate research 6.8 & 7.5 (0–30)Results of Workshop Discussions and the Post-Workshop SurveyEight major areas of research were identified at the Workshop and each area was subdividedinto a total of 122 researchable issues (see Appendices 1 to 8). These issueswere concisely written by sub-groups and consensus views were obtained during discussionsessions that were held during and after the Workshop. In particular, eachissue was categorised according to five factors: the impact on productivity; achievability;importance; ongoing research efforts; and application of the research to targetgroups. In the Post-Workshop Survey, participants were asked to score each issue ona scale of 1 to 10 (lowest to highest, respectively) to indicate the priority of theresearch with respect to developing a sustainable shrimp industry. Each score couldbe used a maximum of 15 times.For each of the 122 issues, summary statistics were calculated for the scoring.The mean, standard deviation and median are listed in the tables in the Appendices.Figure 3 shows that there were 11 issues that received a median score of 8 out of 1096
!!!by the participants. These 11 issues also received broad support from participantsfrom across the Asia–Pacific region. Table 4 shows that for the six countries representedin the survey, the median score was "8 for those 11 issues in three to five ofthe countries represented. Hence, these issues would be highly suitable for cooperativeresearch projects. Figure 3 also shows that there were 31 issues that received amedian score of 7, and 20 issues had a median score of 6.@'!$&)3*,*$&'3N:!,0#'3)1!!@'!O:*&P2&,*C*,H&,/!0C!&$$)0$)*&37!)7:7&),%J&)/73!,04$73*3*0'200)!*'C)&:3)#,3#)790'C;*,3:!0I7)!;&'?!#:7>76)&?*'6!0C!$0'?:!
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!The 1994 Workshop had a working hy
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!The Workshop at Hat Yai, SongkhlaA
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!ReferenceSmith, P.T., ed.. 1999. T
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!Shrimp Farming in ThailandOver the
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! !Table 1. World production (# 1,0
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!Domestic and world demandJapan is
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!Intensification of farms has been
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!no significant difference between
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!Production Practices and Technique
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!use water which is almost fresh (F
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!mended quantities for application
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!the biological processes in sedime
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!factors (Fegan 1994). Environmenta
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!Acid sulphate soils occur in most
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during the rainy season, some deter
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Land subsidenceCoastal land subside
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first when an area becomes environm
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!Administration. Their work has inv
Page 46 and 47: agriculture, selects coastal land p
Page 48 and 49: Sustainability, Sustainable Develop
Page 50 and 51: cultural and environmental asset va
Page 52 and 53: $+Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 54 and 55: $#Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 56 and 57: $%Table 12. (cont’d) Impediments
Page 58 and 59: capacities of alternative organisms
Page 60 and 61: sources. This is one of the greates
Page 62 and 63: Table 13. (cont’d) Summary of the
Page 64 and 65: Boonyapiwat, S. 1989. Species of ph
Page 66 and 67: Katesombun, B. 1992. Aquaculture pr
Page 68 and 69: Sirisup, S. 1988 Socio-economic cha
Page 70 and 71: !In the preliminary analysis, the s
Page 72 and 73: !until all variables had been teste
Page 74 and 75: !quality problem over the past 3 ye
Page 76 and 77: !Figure 1. Characterisation of prov
Page 78 and 79: !Variables Contributing to Shrimp P
Page 80 and 81: !Figure 5. Relationship between ave
Page 82 and 83: !southern). The linear regression m
Page 84 and 85: !Appendix. Results of logistic regr
Page 86 and 87: !2) Trat ProvinceClassification tab
Page 88 and 89: !Chi-square df significanceModel Ch
Page 90 and 91: !8) Satun ProvinceClassification ta
Page 92 and 93: !Variables in the equationConstant
Page 94 and 95: !A total of 49 participants were in
Page 98 and 99: !All issues are listed in Appendice
Page 100 and 101: !!were short term and one issue was
Page 102 and 103: !reared broodstock (issue 71). They
Page 104 and 105: !!Two participants commented that i
Page 106 and 107: mation transfer and training. This
Page 108 and 109: 108Appendix 1. (cont’d) Descripti
Page 112 and 113: 112Appendix 2. Descriptive statisti
Page 122 and 123: Appendix 5. (cont’d) Descriptive
Page 124 and 125: Appendix 7. Descriptive statistics
Page 126 and 127: Appendix 7. (cont’d) Descriptive
Page 130 and 131: !ParticipantsAustraliaDr Paul T. Sm
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