em<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g those whom He forgives <strong>of</strong> the types <strong>of</strong> s<strong>in</strong>s and ugly th<strong>in</strong>gs they had committed.And among the signs <strong>of</strong> His Greatness is that if they come to Him after hav<strong>in</strong>g obeyed Himonly a little, He will grant them quite a generous reward and will honour them by prais<strong>in</strong>gthem beautifully. Among the signs <strong>of</strong> His Greatness is that He <strong>in</strong>cludes them <strong>in</strong> His Covenant;He has said, "... fulfill (your) covenant with Me, I will fulfill (My) covenant withyou" (Qura'n, 2:40). He even makes them worthy <strong>of</strong> His love: "... He shall love them and theyshall love Him" (Qura'n, 5:54).Among the other signs <strong>of</strong> His Greatness is that He has made this world the loaned property <strong>of</strong>His servants say<strong>in</strong>g, "He it is Who created for you all that is <strong>in</strong> the earth" (Qura'n, 2:29), andthe hereafter as well, "... and a Garden, the extensiveness <strong>of</strong> which is like the heavens and theearth, prepared for those who guard (themselves aga<strong>in</strong>st evil)" (Qura'n, 3:133).Also among the signs <strong>of</strong> His Greatness and generosity is that He has made everyth<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> theheavens and the earth subservient to man: "And He has made whatever <strong>in</strong> the heavens and <strong>in</strong>the earth, all <strong>of</strong> it, subservient to you, [a gift] from Him" (Qura'n, 45:13). One <strong>of</strong> the signs <strong>of</strong> abeliever's good conduct <strong>in</strong> as far as the Attribute "al-Kareem" is concerned is that he directshimself wholeheartedly towards His Lord. He makes it his habit to feed and clothe theorphans and be good to his kith and k<strong>in</strong>. In order to attract the attention <strong>of</strong> the Muslims to thisweighty matter, Prophet Muhammed has said, "If someone held <strong>in</strong> high esteem by his folkscomes to you, be generous to him." He has also said, "Your Lord, Honour and Glory belongto Him, is ever-Liv<strong>in</strong>g, Generous, too shy to disappo<strong>in</strong>t any <strong>of</strong> His servants who plead toHim."It is a sign <strong>of</strong> good manners to habitually forgive the doers <strong>of</strong> evil deeds, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g repeated<strong>of</strong>fenders, and to cover the faults <strong>of</strong> your brethren <strong>in</strong> all circumstances. Such generosity <strong>of</strong>manners is surely more precious than any materialistic generosity, for the latter preserves thebody whereas the first susta<strong>in</strong>s the soul. <strong>The</strong> Messenger <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allah</strong> has said, "You will not beable to please all people with your wealth; so, do please them with your good manners." Hehas also said, "<strong>Allah</strong>, Honoured is His Name, is Generous, and He loves good manners andhates a lowly conduct." <strong>The</strong> Messenger <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allah</strong> has said, "<strong>The</strong> generous one is close to <strong>Allah</strong>,close to [the hearts <strong>of</strong>] people, close to Paradise, distant from the fire. A miser is distant from<strong>Allah</strong>, distant from people, distant from Paradise, close to the fire."As for "al-Akram," i.e. the most Generous, surely it is <strong>Allah</strong>, the Most Generous <strong>of</strong> all thosewho are generous. This Attribute may also bear the same mean<strong>in</strong>g embedded <strong>in</strong> that <strong>of</strong> "al-Kareem."44. "Al-Raqeeb"<strong>Allah</strong> has said, "... and be careful <strong>of</strong> (your duty to) <strong>Allah</strong> through Whom you demand (your
ights <strong>of</strong>) one another, and to the ties <strong>of</strong> k<strong>in</strong>ship; surely <strong>Allah</strong> ever watches over you" (Qura'n,4:1)."Al-Raqeeb" is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allah</strong>'s Attributes, and He is the Witness Who is never absent from thescene. In language, a raqeeb is a vigilante, a watchman who stands to protect and guard. Inthe army, the raqeeb is the one <strong>in</strong> the vanguard. Al-Raqeeb is <strong>Allah</strong> Who safeguards everyoneand everyth<strong>in</strong>g, the One from Whose knowledge noth<strong>in</strong>g at all can escape. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to onesacred tradition, the Messenger <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allah</strong> has said, "Safeguard Muhammed <strong>in</strong> his household,"mean<strong>in</strong>g safeguard his name and honour it. "Raqeeb" also means <strong>of</strong>fspr<strong>in</strong>g. <strong>The</strong> angel whowrites down whatever we do and say is also called "raqeeb": "He does not utter a word exceptthat there is by him someone watch<strong>in</strong>g at hand" (Qura'n, 50:18). Al-Raqeeb, that is, the OneWho truly ever watches over us, is, <strong>of</strong> course, <strong>Allah</strong>. One Who is raqeeb regard<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Allah</strong> isone who acknowledges that He oversees whatever we do and say, so he observes his dutiestowards Him.<strong>Allah</strong>, al-Raqeeb, knows our conditions and counts our breath. Al-Raqeeb never laxes norforgets, Who is always present and is never absent, Who knows everyth<strong>in</strong>g and noth<strong>in</strong>gregard<strong>in</strong>g the conditions <strong>of</strong> His creation can ever escape His knowledge. He manages theaffairs <strong>of</strong> His servants, Who knows what they say, Who watches over His servants, Whoobserves what they do, Who is familiar with their <strong>in</strong>nermost thoughts.Narrat<strong>in</strong>g the story <strong>of</strong> Jesus son <strong>of</strong> Mary, the Almighty quotes Jesus say<strong>in</strong>g, "... but when Youcaused me to die, You were the Watcher over them, and You witness all th<strong>in</strong>gs" (Qura'n,5:117). He has also said, "... and <strong>Allah</strong> is Watchful over all th<strong>in</strong>gs" (Qura'n, 33:52). <strong>The</strong>re aretwo viewpo<strong>in</strong>ts that expla<strong>in</strong> the mean<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> "al-Raqeeb":One: L<strong>in</strong>guistically, He safeguards th<strong>in</strong>gs, Who watches over everyone, Who guardseveryone, Who is free <strong>of</strong> any oversight or negligence. He takes care <strong>of</strong> and safeguardseveryth<strong>in</strong>g. <strong>The</strong> Almighty has said, "He does not utter a word except that there is by him awatcher at hand" (Qura'n, 50:18), mean<strong>in</strong>g an angel who records his deeds and takes note <strong>of</strong>everyth<strong>in</strong>g he contemplates, says, or does, while <strong>Allah</strong> is al-Raqeeb Who looks after Hisservants, knows their conditions and whatever they utter.As regard<strong>in</strong>g observation, it is His say<strong>in</strong>g: "... surely I (<strong>Allah</strong>) am with you both: I hear, and Isee" (Qura'n, 20:46). Regard<strong>in</strong>g knowledge, it is His say<strong>in</strong>g: "<strong>Allah</strong> knows what every femalebears, and that <strong>of</strong> which the wombs fall short <strong>of</strong> completion, and that <strong>in</strong> which they<strong>in</strong>crease" (Qura'n, 13:8). Other such references <strong>in</strong>clude:... and He knows what is <strong>in</strong> the land and the sea. (6:59) He knows what goes deep down <strong>in</strong>tothe earth and what comes forth out <strong>of</strong> it. (57:4)<strong>The</strong> other viewpo<strong>in</strong>t says that this word is derived from irtiqab, wait<strong>in</strong>g. <strong>Allah</strong> has said,
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AllahThe Concept of God in Islam (a
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IntroductionIn any theistic religio
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eminded him of the bloody and shame
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Knowing AllahMuhammed, the Messenge
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All Praise is due to Allah, the One
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The Praised One has said, He is the
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you then made you complete, then He
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The Ninety Nine Attributesof AllahI
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The Almighty is Endless regarding H
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produce it. They will also realize
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Who grants mercy beyond which there
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Unity of Allah (Tawhid)Islam falls
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is Allah, your Lord; so, worship Hi
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keep closing their eyes to the fact
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Abu Abdullah Imam Ja`fer al-Sadiq h
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descends during the night of the mi
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and the Exalted One, whereby He des
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perfected their design and computed
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[14] Ibid., p. 59.[15] al-Tusi, Al-
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How to Supplicate to AllahBefore ad
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me, and if I try to amend my steps,
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Al-Qudds is the One Who is above ne
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finished his prayers, he would seek
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e overcome or in any way harmed, th
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Holy Qura'n bestows the Attribute o
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stage of life without needing you o
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They desire to put out the light of
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e called badee' at all; so, this At
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said, "And most surely We bring to
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Al-Saboor, Glory to Him, is the Cle
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Whenever the Messenger of Allah pro
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Linguistically, "al-Qahhar" is deri
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descends from the heavens, the sky
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desires to be blessed by it. Among
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"Thul-Jalali wal Ikram" means: the
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The subject of jami`, gathering or
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apparent.Allah is the Enricher, yet
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The Messenger of Allah used to say
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Allah and is affected either throug
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There are many derivations from thi
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up so that I may get you out of you
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too, perished. Then he saw a fourth
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the sun and the moon subservient (t
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A servant of Allah should never tir
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your Lord do magnify. (74:3). To Hi
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