Satellite detection of hazardous volcanic clouds and ... - Savaa - NILU

Nat HazardsFig. 6 Latitude-height cross-sections of the mean zonal winds for (a) January and (b) July (After Fleminget al. 1988)A dispersion model (PUFF) animation of this encounter can be found at: http://puff.images.alaska.edu/Redoubt_webpage/Puff_redoubt_ash.shtml. A more recent event in thisregion occurred in February 2000 when Cleveland volcano (52.82° N, 167.95° W) eruptedand sent an extensive plume of ash towards the north-northeast, in agreement withexpectation based on the mean wind circulation—for animation of this event see:http://puff.images.alaska.edu/animations/Cleve_021901_76.gif. Some ash also moved in asouth–southeast direction and intersected air traffic off the west coast of the USA. Fouraviation encounters were reported in the vicinity of the volcano, and one encounter wasreported off California at FL-300 with a B-747 (Simpson et al. 2002).Aviation traffic is increasing and is expected to grow at a rate of between 2.2% to 4.7%per year for the period 1990–2050 (ESCAP 2005). There are significant regional differencesin the current growth rate of commercial aviation traffic and also in the projected123