The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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180 ÔrXII AXl) KAST AI'RHA.the cxclusivo l;inrfu:i
NATIVES OF NATAL. 181for the Kafir population are made in a somewhat summary way, the Europeanmethod not having yet been introduced amongst the tribes for obtaining accuratereturns of births and deaths. Marriages alone arc registered, while the huts arenimibered for the purposes of local taxation.The aborigines now settled in Xatal belong to a great nimiber of distincttribes. But the line of migration has on the whole followed that of conquest inthe direction from north to south ; hence the great bulk of the immigrants whohave thus become British subjects naturally belong to the Zulu, or northernbranch of the Kafir family. They are still grouped in separate clans, unconnected,however, by any political ties, and the administration has taken the wise precautionof breaking them up into an endless number of distinct communities. In1886 there were reckoned in the whole of Xatal no less than a hundred and seventythreetribal chiefs, and of this number nearly one-half had been directly appointedby the Government without any hereditary title whatsoever. Such chiefs thusgradually become mere local ofiicials responsible for the preservation of peace, whilethey are themselves under the immediate control of English administrators, whotolerate the observance of the tribal customs so long as these are not of a naturecalculated to cause any manifest injustice and provided they are not at variancewith the established principles of natural equity. Thanks to these judiciousadministrative measures, no war between the black and white elements has reddenedthe soil of Natal since the death of the Zulu chief, Diugaan. Notwithstandingthe great personal influence of the famous Anglican Bishop Colouso, theAVcsleyan Methodists seem on the whole to have had most success in this tickl ofmissionarj' labour. Of the hundred and sixty Christian stations now existing inNatal as manv as fiftv-eight have been founded bv these Nonconformists.Immigration.— Cooi.ieLAiiouR.Direct immigration from Europe acquired but little importance before themiddle of the century. About this time a group of British farmers, mostly fromYorkshire, settled in the colony of Natal. Some German peasants also arrivedand took possession of concessions of land in the neighbouihood of the port. Thewhite population was afterwards increased by a number of Norwegian settlers aswell as by some Creoles from Mauritius and Reunion. But despite the advantagesoffered by the climate to all except those of a nervous temperament or with apredisposition to apoplexy, the spontaneous annual immigration has neverexceeded a few hundred persons ; a counter-movement has even set in from Natalto Australia and New Zealand.This relative neglect of Natal by British colonists has been attributed to agreat variety of causes. The system of large landed estates prevails in the colony,the consequence being that the owners do not themselves work or always evenreside on their properties. They employed coolies and native hands, so that thewhites who give themselves to manual labour become degraded in the eyes of theaborigines. Immigrants are also nalui-ally discouraged by the great and increasing
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*~^J' »4V4-iu,J^MrM'*»(/>?'^* ;(l
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-fftv
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THE EARTH AND ITSINHABITANTSTHEUNIV
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^1 \r. ^\CONTENTS.CHAP. ""=I. AxOOL
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.IJST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LIST OF ILLU
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THE UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY.SOUTH AND E
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—axCtOlan uplands. 3and separated
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ANGOLAN UPLANDS. 5in height, the hi
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AXGOLAN EIYEES. 7their sources beyo
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ANGOLAN EIVEES. 9tall reeds {arundo
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ANGOLAN CLIiLVTE. 11it freezes, as
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—ANGOLAN FLOEA. 13terminates abru
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ANGOLAN FAUNA. 15the coast, althoug
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—INHABITANTS OF ANGOLA. 17success
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IXnABITAXTS OF AXGOLA. 19practices.
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THE BUXDAS. 21lliey began to cxterm
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THE BU>rDAS. 23the deatli Las not b
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THE SOUrn ANGOLAN TEIBES. 25ITcauti
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;THE SOUTH ANGOLAN TRIBES. 27are co
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—THE PEETO? AND EUEOPEAXSi, 29Eur
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THE SLAVE TEADE. 31tionised during
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—SAN-SALVADOE. 33priests ordained
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intervening houses have to be clear
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LOAN!) A. 37known, altliougli forme
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lo-\:n"da. . 39{cyprwa moticta), us
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MTJXIMA. 41the bar at its mouth, th
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AMBACA. 43was able to raise eight t
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PUNGO-NDONGO. 45almost complete dep
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BIHfi. 47as the region of the gi'ea
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BEXGUELLA. 49Velha, or "Old Benguel
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MOSSAMEDES. 51Mossamedes with their
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nUMrATA. 53facing the perils of for
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EESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 55tlie reckles
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BESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 67failure. Eve
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IADMINISTRATION OF ANGOLA. 59blacks
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GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA. 61disaj^p
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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SOUTH-WEST AFE
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THE SWAKOP AXD KnOSIB EIVEES.G5rese
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THE OVA-MBOS. 67vallej- has its ham
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THE HEREEOS. 69A few scattered grou
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THE HEEEROS, 71land." The total num
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THE nn,L DA^L\EAS AXD NAMAQUAS. 73i
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WAL\aSCn BAY. 75Topography.Hitherto
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ANGEA PEQUENA. 77something more tli
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SOUTH iU7EICA ^VXD ALGERIA COXTEAST
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^M ihO Ha:
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—82 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.isolate
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84 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.In the Gre
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80 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tlio Limpo
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88 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.only on ra
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90 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.Throuj^hou
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92 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.The Kei, t
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94 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.lJi;].A(;(
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THE LIMPOPO. 95basin, which has now
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CLIMATE OP 80UTU AFRICA. 97remarkab
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CLIJkLlTE OF SOUTH AFEICA. 99Ziilul
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FLOE A OF SOUTH AFEICA. 101husbandi
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FLORA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 103the curre
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FAUXA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 105consistin
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IXHABITANTS OF SOUTH AFEICA. 107hav
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TIIK BUSHMEN. 109Professor Flower h
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THE BUSHMEN.IllBushmen represent a
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THE nOTTEXTOTS.listelligible jargon
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THE HOTTENTOTS 115or their sojourn
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CAPE COLONY. 117Hottentots, are rea
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THEDufrkerl"^Slan^fCopPf^9^1Simon's
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HISTOEIC EETEOSrECT.ll'Jwas gradual
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mSTOEIC EETEOSPECT. 121ceased to fo
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TUE KAFIE W.\IIS. 123llicir Kafir n
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CAPE TOWN. 125they might succeed by
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^^:. . ;âmî:'M^^'^''^^.L
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128 POUTII ANT> EAF^T AFRirA.Amid t
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mnpnrxii axp kast afiîc.v.viciuity
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182 SOUTH AND EAST AFRTOA.miles to
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131 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.quarter,
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;186 SOUTH AND EAST ^VPRICA.little
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138 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEICA.and in c
Page 188 and 189: 140 SOUTU AND KA.î' iU'lUCA.with r
Page 190 and 191: 142 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being lim
Page 192: 144 SOUTH AKD EAST AFRTPA.with hoai
Page 196 and 197: 146 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.aided by
Page 198 and 199: 148 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.stronges
Page 200 and 201: 160 SOUTH AND EAST AFBICA.was nn im
Page 202 and 203: 152 POUTH AND EAST AFRICA.ground no
Page 205 and 206: THE KDIBEELEY MINES. 158quence ^vas
Page 207 and 208: KDIBEELEY—GEIQUA TOWN. 155connect
Page 209 and 210: BECHTJANALAND. 157the vallej' of th
Page 211 and 212: THE BECHUANAS. 159beneficial shower
Page 213 and 214: KUEXJMAN—YEIJBUEG. 161known as st
Page 217 and 218: SHOSHONG. 163The Ba-^raugwato natio
Page 219 and 220: THE BA-K.VLAIIAKI. 165century the i
Page 221 and 222: iBASUTOLAND. 167After founding the
Page 223 and 224: BASUTOLAND. 169bined with the valou
Page 225 and 226: KAFIELAND. 171accept concessions of
Page 227: "- j:,..,-.-*'.î;"/,c&/>^>^JeKAFIR
Page 230 and 231: 174 ROUin ANP EAST AFKICA.TiiKAma-K
Page 232 and 233: 171! SOrXII AND EAST AFRICA.rnNDOI.
Page 234: CHAPTER V.KATAL AND ZULULAND.TTE "C
Page 240 and 241: 1B2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.mimcrical
Page 242: 1«1 SOUTH AND EAST iU-"lUCA." ovcr
Page 246 and 247: —IHGSOUTH AND lOAST ArRICA.of Mar
Page 248 and 249: ;188 SULTII AND KA!>T AFltlCA.Natal
Page 250 and 251: 190 SOUTH AND EAST AFIÎCA.read is
Page 252 and 253: iti2porrn .\xd east Africa.scene of
Page 254 and 255: —191 SOUTH AND EAST AFIUCA.acquii
Page 256 and 257: —CIIArXEH VI.THK DITTCH RRPUHLICS
Page 258 and 259: 193 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.hidden by
Page 260 and 261: 200 SOUTH AND HAST AFRICA.between C
Page 262 and 263: 202 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.\upper co
Page 264 and 265: 201 SOLITII AMI i:\ST AFRICA.Accord
Page 266 and 267: ;206 SOUTH AM) KAST Al'ltlCA.appoin
Page 269 and 270: TR.VXSVAAL. 207family, and are occa
Page 271 and 272: TIL:i2CSVAAL. 209been driven, and t
Page 273 and 274: TR.VN'SViV.VL. 211Jlr. W. n. Pennin
Page 277 and 278: TEANSVAAL. 218spot is shown the " "
Page 279 and 280: TRAXSYAAL. 215raad and of the Presi
Page 281 and 282: DELAGOA BAY. 217LouKEX(ô Marques.T
Page 283 and 284: DELAGOA BAY. 219age. The neighbouri
Page 285 and 286: CHAPTER YII.rORTUGTJESE POSSESSIONS
Page 287 and 288: GAZALAND. 223with its extremely pre
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FLOrtA OF r,AZ.y.AXD. 225veers roun
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4r^' iA.'fgijF;i;--^-'S
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228 SOUTH AXI) I'.AST AFEICA.the ki
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230 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEIC.V.bushmen
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—282 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.brough
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•234 SOUTH AMI llAST AFKICA.In no
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230 SOUTU AND EAST AFKKA.continent.
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—238 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Some t
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210 ?OUTir AXP EAST AFRICA.Zambosc.
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242 SOUTU AND EAST AFEICA.of volcau
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2USOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the columns
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—246 SOUTH ANT) EAST AFRICA.trave
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248 SOTTTII AST) EAST AFRICA.name o
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—260 SOUTH AND EA8T AFinCA.< )ii
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252 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.TiiKZamhe
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251 SOUTU AND EAST AFIUCA.Climate o
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258 SOUTH AND KAsT AFIUCA.K;ifuk\\(
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THE AMliuKl.L.V^ 257Imiauixams or t
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TIIK l!A-T,UXIiA^;. 259The piiiiiil
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THE BAROTSK K^[^]^.K. 261liolub vis
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BABOTi^KLAND. 203they arrange tlic
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^rATEBELELAXD. 265not so much a nat
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Tirn NrA>:nnxA?;. 267remains in his
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TOPOGEAl'UV OF -XLVTEliELELAND. 269
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TOrOGRAl'UY OF MAri'.l'.KI.KLAND. 2
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THE EA>;TEEX MAKOLOLOS. 273be regar
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KAEON'GA—BANDAAVE.27i" can admire
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.LAXTVPK. 277native chiefs have als
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MOPEA-M.VZAEO. 279Toi'i)(.l{AIMIVOF
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CHAPTER IX.MOZ.UIBIQUE.FnOM TIIK Z.
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THE ^:A^[ULI mountains 283supposed
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LAKE XYASSA. 285of the Zambese delt
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THE MOZAMBIUUE CURHEXT. 287grounded
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CLIMATE OF MOZAMBIQUE. 289off the c
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THE M.UvUAS. 291whole of the Matamb
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TIIK t.om'\vt:>: .\xi> vaos. 2onfro
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ZAMBT("irK T>:T.ANT». 293immunity
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Mii/.A:\[r.I(iUK ISLWD. 297b3gaiit)
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ADXronSTRATION OF MOZAMBIQUE. 299mu
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ClIAl'TER X.Z.iJN'ZIB.VE.Gi:uM.vxEa
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AN'ZlBVTv. 303by a conventional lin
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ZANZIBARAllEDSayid^ & ReefsExposed
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THE EUFIJI EIVEE. 805as they were f
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LAKE EIKWA. 807rlisplaced. The allu
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FLORA OF USAGAEA. 809between the re
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Ti£E m^\:eondes. 311com])lotes tli
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THE WAZARAMOS. 818Ihe village, had
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THE WAi^WAITELI. 815remarkable skil
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MIKIXDAXL—UXDI. 817or else their
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KILOA. 319penetrates some 12 miles
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1)AE-ES-S-\L.\.VM. 821Ihe waters of
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SAADAXI. 328are taught various trad
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THE CAEAVAN TRADE. 325to forward go
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ISLAND OF MAFLV. 327two other islan
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,g£S«=CS^T--'
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330 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.About the
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332 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.from twel
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884 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the great
Page 422 and 423:
CHAPTER XI.KILIMA-NJARO, KENIA, MOM
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888 SOUTH AND EAST AFl!lf'A.Jolinsl
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—840 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.enormo
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—SI -2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.cstiu
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—844 SOUTH AND EAST APEICA."Solit
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3IGSOUTH AND EAST Al'EIOA.of from 4
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313 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.a ilistau
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850 Bnl Til AN'D KAST Al'UlOA.!i iK
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352 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.By taking
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864 SOUTH AND E^LST AFEIfA.The hipp
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356 . SOUTH AND EAST .Yl'RKW.Tin-:A
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868 SOTTTII AND EAST AmiCA.Each fam
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8G0SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Amongst tl
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I802 SOUTH AXD EAST Al-'RICA.usual
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3C4SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.iiiuuy otl
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3GGSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.At that ti
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8C8SOTTH AXD KAST AFRICA.Although i
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870 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.their res
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872 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.were fina
Page 462 and 463:
374 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.too confi
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876 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tion to t
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878 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.those la
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880 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the Katar
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382 SOUTH AND EAST APRICA.The fiira
Page 472 and 473:
884 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.uume of G
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—886 SOUTH AN'I» KAST AFRICA.for
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38ftSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Ai-iibiii
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yOOSOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.iistrich a
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392 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being det
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894 SOUTH ANTJ EAST AFRICA.The Soma
Page 486 and 487:
8'JGSOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.a conveni
Page 488 and 489:
;808 SOUTH AND JOAST AFltlCA.Hiiiit
Page 490 and 491:
400 SOUTH AND EAST AFKK'A.wars whic
Page 493 and 494:
TILE EASTERN G.\LL.VS. 401nation of
Page 495 and 496:
TIIH KASTKRN G.VI.LAS. 403the chang
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VITU LAND. 405claims and even threa
Page 499 and 500:
KISMAVU.—BARDERA. 407lion, lies n
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MAGDOSHU. 409which the natives had
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OPIA.—BEEGHEL.4Uhowever, the numh
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STREET IN BERBERA.
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414 SOUTH AND KAST Al'lUCA.to nil t
Page 510 and 511:
—CHAPTER XIII.EAST ATEICAN ISL.VN
Page 512:
•121 POUTII ANn EAST AFRICA.Europ
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MADAGASCAR 425islanders, wlio were
Page 519 and 520:
SOKOTEA. 417Inhabitants.The island
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SOKOTEA. 419Climate.— Prodicts.Th
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MADAGASCAR. 421name of the inhabita
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PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF MADAGASCAR. 42
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EIVERS OF MADAGASCAI!. 429It has be
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COAST or SIADAGASCAE. 481Thus the e
Page 532 and 533:
IIi
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-431 SOl'TII AND K.VST ArRK'A.rocks
Page 536 and 537:
430 SOUTn AND EAST AFRICA.related b
Page 538 and 539:
438 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.Several o
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440 SOUTU AXD EAST AFEICA.tbiitueut
Page 542 and 543:
442 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.themselve
Page 544 and 545:
444 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the west
Page 546 and 547:
4 t(j SOUTH AXD EAST AFRTf'A.iippoi
Page 548 and 549:
448 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.and tremb
Page 550 and 551:
450 SOUTH AND EAST ^VFEICA.oujoyiug
Page 552 and 553:
lJ-2SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.Sla\i:ky.
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454 SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.were all
Page 556:
l.-.OSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Farther
Page 560 and 561:
45a SOUTH AN1» EAST AFRICAAiiiloro
Page 562:
;4C0SOUTH AND EAST Al'RICA.several
Page 566 and 567:
462 SOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.3,780 fee
Page 568 and 569:
464 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Hoforo th
Page 570 and 571:
—466 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.revenu
Page 572:
488 SOUrn AMI RAST AFUK'A.lures ill
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—470 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.on thi
Page 578 and 579:
-...I,.s, ..n.l .s ,lu. „l...u bo
Page 580 and 581:
471 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.till' IfK
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. .III7GAITENDIX.Concclhos or Circl
Page 584 and 585:
;47aAPrENorx.. . ;Mugisteriul Diatr
Page 586 and 587:
Damaraland480 Ari'KNDIX.RAILWAYS.To
Page 588:
'.\482 Al'l'EXKIX.Anm-KungwoAma-ICo
Page 591 and 592:
ArrEXDIX. 485POrrLATION (WHITE) ACC
Page 593 and 594:
APPENDIX. 487Bapedi, East Lydenburg
Page 595 and 596:
IIAPPENDIX.4S9Maeohikori]Mtanue Nor
Page 597 and 598:
'APPENDIX. 491Wakwehe \'Wakami niJe
Page 599 and 600:
'APPENDIX. 493CHTEF DIVISIONS OF TH
Page 601 and 602:
APPENDIX. 495the coast dialects, ca
Page 603 and 604:
INDEX.Abai River, 3S4Aba-zanzi, 205
Page 605 and 606:
INDEX. 499Dar-es-Salaam, 3.'0Darode
Page 607 and 608:
INDEX. 501Lu-fu River, 6Lui^ River,
Page 609 and 610:
IXDEX. 503Sanyati. 264Siio-Jo.se, 3
Page 616:
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