The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

—42 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.foot of the hill ritses a Christian church, which is regarded as a great " fetish " byall the iuhabitauts of the district, Catholics and pagans alike.The trading station of Massaiigano, above the confluence of the Cuauza and Lu-Calla, owes its existence to the neighbouring coffee plantations of the Cazengodistrict. But here the chief centre of traffic is Dando, which lies at the head ofthe navigation of the Cuanza.It is a modern town, situated on the right bank ofthe river, in a cirque surrounded bj' ^\ooded hills, which prevent the freecirculation of the air. The consequence is that the place is extremely unhealthyand from the local Portuguese traders has received the title of the "furnace," or" hell " of Angola. Here are manufactured porous earthenware vessels, and thenative smiths employ European iron, although the neighbouring hills are veryrich in ores of that metal.In the same district were formerh- worked some silverH.Pkojected Railway to Ambaca.Scale 1 : 3,000,000.3-20 Feet andupwards.60 Miles.mines, which occur a little farther up near the cataracts of the Cuanza, and notfar from the village of Camhanibe.The first attempt was made to secure possessionof these mines in the year 1595, when the two hundred men forming theexpedition were all massacred except seven, who escaped to report the disaster.The most productive coffee district in Angola is the basin of the river Lu-Calla, which flows parallel with the Cuanza some distance above the confluence ofboth streams. The coffee-plant grows wild in the forests of this region, and inmany places rich natural i)lautations are formed merely by the simple process ofclearing the ground round about the trees. But the great plantations of theCazengo, of Golungo-Alto, and neighbouring districts, have been created by thePortuguese and Brazilian settlers, originally emijloying the labour of slaves whohave since become free labourers.The first fazeiideiro who settled in the Cazengoterritory came from Brazil in 1837. Eight years after beginning operations he