The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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—70 ROUTn AND EAST AFEICA.Ilcreros had, moreover, the good fortune to find a friend in the Swedish travellerAndersson, who in consequence of a sanguinary collision found himself involved inthe fray. By his aid they at last gained the upper hand, and although a war ofreprisals was protracted over many years, and has even broken out again in quiteFig. 21.IIeheeo Land.Scale 1 : 7,000,000.1,000 F.athomsand upw;U'Js.recent times, the respective domains of the two hostile races have been .scarcelymodified since the middle of the present century.At present the Herero territory stretches west of the Ovambos as far as thecoast, and southwards as far as the great central highlands traversed by theSwalcop. But the political frontiers are nowhere strictlj^ defined. The landbelongs to all alike ; Damara and Namaqua may encamp wherever they like, andin the Herero language there is no word either for "frontier "or for "native
THE HEEEROS, 71land." The total number of the " Cattle Damaras " is estimated by Palgrave ateighty-five thousand, and this estimate has been confirmed by the missionariesstationed in their midst. The principal chief, who resides at Otijimhivgue, rulesover thirty thousand subjects.mass, by the herds they drive to the pasturage.Thej' are easily counted, not individually but in theEach chief knows the number of hiscattle, from which he is able to deduce the number of the herdsmen and theirfamilies. On an average three hundred persons are reckoned to the tccrff, orencampment of cattle, with its secondary grazing grounds.Phj-sically the Hereros rank amongst the finest races in Africa. They aretall and well-made, although in reality not nearly so strong as might bo supposedfrom their magnificent muscular development. With regular features of almostclassical form, they have an open cheerful expression, but are easily irritated, andthen they will often assume a ferocious look. Till recently those who had notbeen brought under the influence of the missionaries went nearly naked. Asbecomes a race of pastors, they dress almost exclusively in skins and leather :thin strips, which if placed end to end would make a total length of perhaps350 feet, hanging in thick fringes round their hips. They are also fond of iron,zinc, or copper rings, armlets, and necklaces, and like most of the northernBantus they dispose the hair in tresses or ringlets stiffened with a mixture of fatand red ochre. The women on their part bedizen themselves with trinkets ofall kinds, leather thongs, long hairpins, bracelets, shells, and glass beads,crowning the edifice with a thick leather headdress, to which are added three highear-like attachments glistening with a coating of clay.Although salt is usuallj- supposed to be an indispensable condiment, thecontrary is proved by the diet of the Hereros, who neither buy nor collect thisarticle from the coast lagoons ; nor do their cattle care to resort, as in otherplaces, to the saline " licking stones." Traces of old matriarchal usages stillsurvive amongst them. The wife is nearly free, and may separate at her pleasure.The most solemn oath of a Ilerero is that " by the tears of his mother," and whenthe mother died young it was formerly usual to bury her child with her. Exceptthe baptised children, aU the Hereros are circumcised, but beyond this rite theyhave scarcely any religious ceremonies except those performed for the purpose ofsecuring the prosperity of their herds. In all these ceremonies cow-dung plays apart, and every speck and shade of colour on the animal's coat has in their eyesa hidden meaning. The chief's daughter, guardian of the sacred fire, sprinklesthe cattle with lustral water, and when moving to a new camping-ground sheleads the way, holding a torch in her hand. Certain large forest-trees areregarded by them as the ancestors of man, and several of these " mother trees "are mentioned by Galton and Andersson, to which the Hereros pay regular homage.The nation was formerly divided into tribes, or rather castes (eatida), whichhad probably their origin in the family grouji, and which were named from thestars, the trees, and natural phenomena. Thus one caste was known as the" Children of the Sun," another of the " Rain," and so on ; but these distinctionsare gradually being effaced.
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*~^J' »4V4-iu,J^MrM'*»(/>?'^* ;(l
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-fftv
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THE EARTH AND ITSINHABITANTSTHEUNIV
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^1 \r. ^\CONTENTS.CHAP. ""=I. AxOOL
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.IJST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LIST OF ILLU
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THE UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY.SOUTH AND E
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—axCtOlan uplands. 3and separated
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ANGOLAN UPLANDS. 5in height, the hi
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AXGOLAN EIYEES. 7their sources beyo
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ANGOLAN EIVEES. 9tall reeds {arundo
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ANGOLAN CLIiLVTE. 11it freezes, as
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—ANGOLAN FLOEA. 13terminates abru
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ANGOLAN FAUNA. 15the coast, althoug
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—INHABITANTS OF ANGOLA. 17success
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IXnABITAXTS OF AXGOLA. 19practices.
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THE BUXDAS. 21lliey began to cxterm
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THE BU>rDAS. 23the deatli Las not b
Page 47 and 48: THE SOUrn ANGOLAN TEIBES. 25ITcauti
Page 49 and 50: ;THE SOUTH ANGOLAN TRIBES. 27are co
Page 51 and 52: —THE PEETO? AND EUEOPEAXSi, 29Eur
Page 53 and 54: THE SLAVE TEADE. 31tionised during
Page 55 and 56: —SAN-SALVADOE. 33priests ordained
Page 57 and 58: intervening houses have to be clear
Page 59 and 60: LOAN!) A. 37known, altliougli forme
Page 63 and 64: lo-\:n"da. . 39{cyprwa moticta), us
Page 65 and 66: MTJXIMA. 41the bar at its mouth, th
Page 67 and 68: AMBACA. 43was able to raise eight t
Page 69 and 70: PUNGO-NDONGO. 45almost complete dep
Page 71 and 72: BIHfi. 47as the region of the gi'ea
Page 73 and 74: BEXGUELLA. 49Velha, or "Old Benguel
Page 77 and 78: MOSSAMEDES. 51Mossamedes with their
Page 79 and 80: nUMrATA. 53facing the perils of for
Page 81 and 82: EESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 55tlie reckles
Page 83 and 84: BESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 67failure. Eve
Page 85 and 86: IADMINISTRATION OF ANGOLA. 59blacks
Page 87 and 88: GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA. 61disaj^p
Page 89 and 90: PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SOUTH-WEST AFE
Page 93 and 94: THE SWAKOP AXD KnOSIB EIVEES.G5rese
Page 95 and 96: THE OVA-MBOS. 67vallej- has its ham
Page 97: THE HEREEOS. 69A few scattered grou
Page 101 and 102: THE nn,L DA^L\EAS AXD NAMAQUAS. 73i
Page 103 and 104: WAL\aSCn BAY. 75Topography.Hitherto
Page 107 and 108: ANGEA PEQUENA. 77something more tli
Page 109 and 110: SOUTH iU7EICA ^VXD ALGERIA COXTEAST
Page 112: ^M ihO Ha:
Page 116: —82 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.isolate
Page 120 and 121: 84 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.In the Gre
Page 122 and 123: 80 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tlio Limpo
Page 124 and 125: 88 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.only on ra
Page 126 and 127: 90 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.Throuj^hou
Page 128 and 129: 92 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.The Kei, t
Page 130 and 131: 94 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.lJi;].A(;(
Page 133 and 134: THE LIMPOPO. 95basin, which has now
Page 135 and 136: CLIMATE OP 80UTU AFRICA. 97remarkab
Page 137 and 138: CLIJkLlTE OF SOUTH AFEICA. 99Ziilul
Page 139 and 140: FLOE A OF SOUTH AFEICA. 101husbandi
Page 141 and 142: FLORA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 103the curre
Page 143 and 144: FAUXA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 105consistin
Page 145 and 146: IXHABITANTS OF SOUTH AFEICA. 107hav
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TIIK BUSHMEN. 109Professor Flower h
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THE BUSHMEN.IllBushmen represent a
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THE nOTTEXTOTS.listelligible jargon
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THE HOTTENTOTS 115or their sojourn
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CAPE COLONY. 117Hottentots, are rea
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THEDufrkerl"^Slan^fCopPf^9^1Simon's
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HISTOEIC EETEOSrECT.ll'Jwas gradual
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mSTOEIC EETEOSPECT. 121ceased to fo
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TUE KAFIE W.\IIS. 123llicir Kafir n
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CAPE TOWN. 125they might succeed by
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^^:. . ;âmî:'M^^'^''^^.L
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128 POUTII ANT> EAF^T AFRirA.Amid t
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mnpnrxii axp kast afiîc.v.viciuity
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182 SOUTH AND EAST AFRTOA.miles to
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131 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.quarter,
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;186 SOUTH AND EAST ^VPRICA.little
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138 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEICA.and in c
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140 SOUTU AND KA.î' iU'lUCA.with r
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142 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being lim
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144 SOUTH AKD EAST AFRTPA.with hoai
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146 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.aided by
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148 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.stronges
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160 SOUTH AND EAST AFBICA.was nn im
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152 POUTH AND EAST AFRICA.ground no
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THE KDIBEELEY MINES. 158quence ^vas
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KDIBEELEY—GEIQUA TOWN. 155connect
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BECHTJANALAND. 157the vallej' of th
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THE BECHUANAS. 159beneficial shower
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KUEXJMAN—YEIJBUEG. 161known as st
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SHOSHONG. 163The Ba-^raugwato natio
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THE BA-K.VLAIIAKI. 165century the i
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iBASUTOLAND. 167After founding the
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BASUTOLAND. 169bined with the valou
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KAFIELAND. 171accept concessions of
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"- j:,..,-.-*'.î;"/,c&/>^>^JeKAFIR
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174 ROUin ANP EAST AFKICA.TiiKAma-K
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171! SOrXII AND EAST AFRICA.rnNDOI.
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CHAPTER V.KATAL AND ZULULAND.TTE "C
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180 ÔrXII AXl) KAST AI'RHA.the cxc
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1B2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.mimcrical
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1«1 SOUTH AND EAST iU-"lUCA." ovcr
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—IHGSOUTH AND lOAST ArRICA.of Mar
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;188 SULTII AND KA!>T AFltlCA.Natal
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190 SOUTH AND EAST AFIÎCA.read is
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iti2porrn .\xd east Africa.scene of
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—191 SOUTH AND EAST AFIUCA.acquii
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—CIIArXEH VI.THK DITTCH RRPUHLICS
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193 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.hidden by
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200 SOUTH AND HAST AFRICA.between C
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202 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.\upper co
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201 SOLITII AMI i:\ST AFRICA.Accord
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;206 SOUTH AM) KAST Al'ltlCA.appoin
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TR.VXSVAAL. 207family, and are occa
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TIL:i2CSVAAL. 209been driven, and t
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TR.VN'SViV.VL. 211Jlr. W. n. Pennin
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TEANSVAAL. 218spot is shown the " "
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TRAXSYAAL. 215raad and of the Presi
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DELAGOA BAY. 217LouKEX(ô Marques.T
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DELAGOA BAY. 219age. The neighbouri
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CHAPTER YII.rORTUGTJESE POSSESSIONS
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GAZALAND. 223with its extremely pre
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FLOrtA OF r,AZ.y.AXD. 225veers roun
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4r^' iA.'fgijF;i;--^-'S
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228 SOUTH AXI) I'.AST AFEICA.the ki
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230 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEIC.V.bushmen
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—282 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.brough
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•234 SOUTH AMI llAST AFKICA.In no
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230 SOUTU AND EAST AFKKA.continent.
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—238 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Some t
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210 ?OUTir AXP EAST AFRICA.Zambosc.
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242 SOUTU AND EAST AFEICA.of volcau
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2USOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the columns
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—246 SOUTH ANT) EAST AFRICA.trave
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248 SOTTTII AST) EAST AFRICA.name o
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—260 SOUTH AND EA8T AFinCA.< )ii
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252 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.TiiKZamhe
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251 SOUTU AND EAST AFIUCA.Climate o
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258 SOUTH AND KAsT AFIUCA.K;ifuk\\(
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THE AMliuKl.L.V^ 257Imiauixams or t
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TIIK l!A-T,UXIiA^;. 259The piiiiiil
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THE BAROTSK K^[^]^.K. 261liolub vis
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BABOTi^KLAND. 203they arrange tlic
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^rATEBELELAXD. 265not so much a nat
Page 341 and 342:
Tirn NrA>:nnxA?;. 267remains in his
Page 343 and 344:
TOPOGEAl'UV OF -XLVTEliELELAND. 269
Page 345 and 346:
TOrOGRAl'UY OF MAri'.l'.KI.KLAND. 2
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THE EA>;TEEX MAKOLOLOS. 273be regar
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KAEON'GA—BANDAAVE.27i" can admire
Page 351 and 352:
.LAXTVPK. 277native chiefs have als
Page 353 and 354:
MOPEA-M.VZAEO. 279Toi'i)(.l{AIMIVOF
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CHAPTER IX.MOZ.UIBIQUE.FnOM TIIK Z.
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THE ^:A^[ULI mountains 283supposed
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LAKE XYASSA. 285of the Zambese delt
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THE MOZAMBIUUE CURHEXT. 287grounded
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CLIMATE OF MOZAMBIQUE. 289off the c
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THE M.UvUAS. 291whole of the Matamb
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TIIK t.om'\vt:>: .\xi> vaos. 2onfro
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ZAMBT("irK T>:T.ANT». 293immunity
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Mii/.A:\[r.I(iUK ISLWD. 297b3gaiit)
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ADXronSTRATION OF MOZAMBIQUE. 299mu
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ClIAl'TER X.Z.iJN'ZIB.VE.Gi:uM.vxEa
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AN'ZlBVTv. 303by a conventional lin
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ZANZIBARAllEDSayid^ & ReefsExposed
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THE EUFIJI EIVEE. 805as they were f
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LAKE EIKWA. 807rlisplaced. The allu
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FLORA OF USAGAEA. 809between the re
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Ti£E m^\:eondes. 311com])lotes tli
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THE WAZARAMOS. 818Ihe village, had
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THE WAi^WAITELI. 815remarkable skil
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MIKIXDAXL—UXDI. 817or else their
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KILOA. 319penetrates some 12 miles
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1)AE-ES-S-\L.\.VM. 821Ihe waters of
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SAADAXI. 328are taught various trad
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THE CAEAVAN TRADE. 325to forward go
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ISLAND OF MAFLV. 327two other islan
Page 413:
,g£S«=CS^T--'
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330 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.About the
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332 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.from twel
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884 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the great
Page 422 and 423:
CHAPTER XI.KILIMA-NJARO, KENIA, MOM
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888 SOUTH AND EAST AFl!lf'A.Jolinsl
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—840 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.enormo
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—SI -2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.cstiu
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—844 SOUTH AND EAST APEICA."Solit
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3IGSOUTH AND EAST Al'EIOA.of from 4
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313 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.a ilistau
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850 Bnl Til AN'D KAST Al'UlOA.!i iK
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352 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.By taking
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864 SOUTH AND E^LST AFEIfA.The hipp
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356 . SOUTH AND EAST .Yl'RKW.Tin-:A
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868 SOTTTII AND EAST AmiCA.Each fam
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8G0SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Amongst tl
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I802 SOUTH AXD EAST Al-'RICA.usual
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3C4SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.iiiuuy otl
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3GGSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.At that ti
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8C8SOTTH AXD KAST AFRICA.Although i
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870 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.their res
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872 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.were fina
Page 462 and 463:
374 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.too confi
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876 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tion to t
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878 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.those la
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880 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the Katar
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382 SOUTH AND EAST APRICA.The fiira
Page 472 and 473:
884 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.uume of G
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—886 SOUTH AN'I» KAST AFRICA.for
Page 476 and 477:
38ftSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Ai-iibiii
Page 478 and 479:
yOOSOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.iistrich a
Page 480:
392 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being det
Page 484 and 485:
894 SOUTH ANTJ EAST AFRICA.The Soma
Page 486 and 487:
8'JGSOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.a conveni
Page 488 and 489:
;808 SOUTH AND JOAST AFltlCA.Hiiiit
Page 490 and 491:
400 SOUTH AND EAST AFKK'A.wars whic
Page 493 and 494:
TILE EASTERN G.\LL.VS. 401nation of
Page 495 and 496:
TIIH KASTKRN G.VI.LAS. 403the chang
Page 497 and 498:
VITU LAND. 405claims and even threa
Page 499 and 500:
KISMAVU.—BARDERA. 407lion, lies n
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MAGDOSHU. 409which the natives had
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OPIA.—BEEGHEL.4Uhowever, the numh
Page 505:
STREET IN BERBERA.
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414 SOUTH AND KAST Al'lUCA.to nil t
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—CHAPTER XIII.EAST ATEICAN ISL.VN
Page 512:
•121 POUTII ANn EAST AFRICA.Europ
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MADAGASCAR 425islanders, wlio were
Page 519 and 520:
SOKOTEA. 417Inhabitants.The island
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SOKOTEA. 419Climate.— Prodicts.Th
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MADAGASCAR. 421name of the inhabita
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PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF MADAGASCAR. 42
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EIVERS OF MADAGASCAI!. 429It has be
Page 529 and 530:
COAST or SIADAGASCAE. 481Thus the e
Page 532 and 533:
IIi
Page 534 and 535:
-431 SOl'TII AND K.VST ArRK'A.rocks
Page 536 and 537:
430 SOUTn AND EAST AFRICA.related b
Page 538 and 539:
438 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.Several o
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440 SOUTU AXD EAST AFEICA.tbiitueut
Page 542 and 543:
442 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.themselve
Page 544 and 545:
444 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the west
Page 546 and 547:
4 t(j SOUTH AXD EAST AFRTf'A.iippoi
Page 548 and 549:
448 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.and tremb
Page 550 and 551:
450 SOUTH AND EAST ^VFEICA.oujoyiug
Page 552 and 553:
lJ-2SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.Sla\i:ky.
Page 554 and 555:
454 SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.were all
Page 556:
l.-.OSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Farther
Page 560 and 561:
45a SOUTH AN1» EAST AFRICAAiiiloro
Page 562:
;4C0SOUTH AND EAST Al'RICA.several
Page 566 and 567:
462 SOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.3,780 fee
Page 568 and 569:
464 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Hoforo th
Page 570 and 571:
—466 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.revenu
Page 572:
488 SOUrn AMI RAST AFUK'A.lures ill
Page 576 and 577:
—470 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.on thi
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-...I,.s, ..n.l .s ,lu. „l...u bo
Page 580 and 581:
471 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.till' IfK
Page 582 and 583:
. .III7GAITENDIX.Concclhos or Circl
Page 584 and 585:
;47aAPrENorx.. . ;Mugisteriul Diatr
Page 586 and 587:
Damaraland480 Ari'KNDIX.RAILWAYS.To
Page 588:
'.\482 Al'l'EXKIX.Anm-KungwoAma-ICo
Page 591 and 592:
ArrEXDIX. 485POrrLATION (WHITE) ACC
Page 593 and 594:
APPENDIX. 487Bapedi, East Lydenburg
Page 595 and 596:
IIAPPENDIX.4S9Maeohikori]Mtanue Nor
Page 597 and 598:
'APPENDIX. 491Wakwehe \'Wakami niJe
Page 599 and 600:
'APPENDIX. 493CHTEF DIVISIONS OF TH
Page 601 and 602:
APPENDIX. 495the coast dialects, ca
Page 603 and 604:
INDEX.Abai River, 3S4Aba-zanzi, 205
Page 605 and 606:
INDEX. 499Dar-es-Salaam, 3.'0Darode
Page 607 and 608:
INDEX. 501Lu-fu River, 6Lui^ River,
Page 609 and 610:
IXDEX. 503Sanyati. 264Siio-Jo.se, 3
Page 616:
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