The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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298 SOin-TI AND EAf^T AFRICA.of rice, tobacro and siip;ai', uiif-lit be raised. This region, wliich in 1870 wasinhabited, is now completely deported, the native populations having taken refugein the Mwnnihakoma poninsxila lying to the north-east, in order to escape fromthe oppression of a neighbouring Mnkna chief.Korth of the rortugncsc capital the nearest frequented harbour on this coast is[Fig. 89.—POBTS OF Feusao VeLLO!!0.Scile I : 240,000.32 Feetand upwards.that of Iho or Zîho, which is fully ISO miles distant from Mozambique. Theisland on which is situated the town, capital of the coast disti-ict of Cabo Delgado,is larger than that of Mozambique, and at low water is connected southwards withanother islet called Qiicn'mba. But the harbour, although perfectly sheltered, is
ADXronSTRATION OF MOZAMBIQUE. 299much shallower than cither of the 3Iozambique havous. In the year 1754 thePortuguese, who liad already been long established at Querimba, occupied theisland of Ibo, which coxild be much more easily fortified against the attacks ofcorsairs. But trade and population have made little progress in these waters,where the coral banks off the coast are barren reefs, while a regular trafficcouldscarcely be developed with the neighbouring Xabiha (Ma-Biha) territory, sparselvpeopled b}' a few wild tribes. Speculators have often engaged native coolies onthe Ibo coast for the plantations on the French island of Nossi-be. The totalannual trade of this port averages little over £"2-5,000.Amongst the numerous islands which follow northwards as far as Cape Delgado,several, such as Matcmo, have small groups of civilised communities, while some ofthe villages on the neighbouring coastlands arealso under the direct jurisdictionof Portuguese officials. Such is Musimhwa {Mudmha), situated on the bay of likename about 60 miles south of the Eovuma estuary. Kccently also the Portuguesehave by force of arms vindicated their claim to the possession of Tnixje Bay, aninlet on the coast contiguous to Capo Delgado. This place had already been cededto them by previous treaties, as well as by the convention concluded with Germanyin 1880 But an attempt was made to dispute their right hy the late Sultan ofZanzibar, who based his claims on the nationality of the Arab traders by whomthe district was administered, and on the geographical explorations undertaken byhis command in the interior of the country.by the Portuguese gunboats in favour of the European power.The question has now been settledBut if Portugal has thus become mistress of the whole seaboard, she is stillrepresented in this region by a mere handful of her European subjects. In 1857a batch of emigrants was sent direct from Portugal to form permanent settlementson the shores of Pcmha or Miramhi Bay, south of Ibo, one ofthe best harbours onthe coast. They received free grants of land, cattle, rations, and arms ; but on theother hand they were subjected to a rigorous administration, including personalsupervision and the regidar observance of public worship. The result was thatdespite the relatively salubrious climate of thedistrict, the colony made no head,but rapidly fell into utter decay.On the mainland over against Ibo stands the village of Kinaiuja, a small jwrton ilontepcs Bay, where the JItepwesi (Montepos) River reaches the coast.ADMINISTRATION OF MoZAMHIQrE.Being formerly considered as a simjole port of call on the route to India,Mozambique depended administi-atlvely from Goa to the middle of theeighteenthcentury; but since the year 1752 it has been governed directly from Portugal.Like the province of Angola on the west coast, it is now administered by a governorgeneralassisted by a council of high functionaries. A provincial council has alsobeen instituted for the purpose of examining and sanctioning the local budgetsand generally superintending all affairs of secondary Importance. Special commit-
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*~^J' »4V4-iu,J^MrM'*»(/>?'^* ;(l
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-fftv
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THE EARTH AND ITSINHABITANTSTHEUNIV
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^1 \r. ^\CONTENTS.CHAP. ""=I. AxOOL
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.IJST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LIST OF ILLU
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THE UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY.SOUTH AND E
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—axCtOlan uplands. 3and separated
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ANGOLAN UPLANDS. 5in height, the hi
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AXGOLAN EIYEES. 7their sources beyo
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ANGOLAN EIVEES. 9tall reeds {arundo
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ANGOLAN CLIiLVTE. 11it freezes, as
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—ANGOLAN FLOEA. 13terminates abru
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ANGOLAN FAUNA. 15the coast, althoug
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—INHABITANTS OF ANGOLA. 17success
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IXnABITAXTS OF AXGOLA. 19practices.
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THE BUXDAS. 21lliey began to cxterm
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THE BU>rDAS. 23the deatli Las not b
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THE SOUrn ANGOLAN TEIBES. 25ITcauti
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;THE SOUTH ANGOLAN TRIBES. 27are co
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—THE PEETO? AND EUEOPEAXSi, 29Eur
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THE SLAVE TEADE. 31tionised during
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—SAN-SALVADOE. 33priests ordained
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intervening houses have to be clear
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LOAN!) A. 37known, altliougli forme
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lo-\:n"da. . 39{cyprwa moticta), us
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MTJXIMA. 41the bar at its mouth, th
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AMBACA. 43was able to raise eight t
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PUNGO-NDONGO. 45almost complete dep
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BIHfi. 47as the region of the gi'ea
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BEXGUELLA. 49Velha, or "Old Benguel
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MOSSAMEDES. 51Mossamedes with their
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nUMrATA. 53facing the perils of for
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EESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 55tlie reckles
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BESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 67failure. Eve
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IADMINISTRATION OF ANGOLA. 59blacks
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GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA. 61disaj^p
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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SOUTH-WEST AFE
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THE SWAKOP AXD KnOSIB EIVEES.G5rese
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THE OVA-MBOS. 67vallej- has its ham
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THE HEREEOS. 69A few scattered grou
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THE HEEEROS, 71land." The total num
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THE nn,L DA^L\EAS AXD NAMAQUAS. 73i
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WAL\aSCn BAY. 75Topography.Hitherto
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ANGEA PEQUENA. 77something more tli
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SOUTH iU7EICA ^VXD ALGERIA COXTEAST
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^M ihO Ha:
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—82 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.isolate
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84 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.In the Gre
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80 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tlio Limpo
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88 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.only on ra
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90 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.Throuj^hou
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92 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.The Kei, t
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94 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.lJi;].A(;(
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THE LIMPOPO. 95basin, which has now
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CLIMATE OP 80UTU AFRICA. 97remarkab
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CLIJkLlTE OF SOUTH AFEICA. 99Ziilul
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FLOE A OF SOUTH AFEICA. 101husbandi
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FLORA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 103the curre
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FAUXA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 105consistin
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IXHABITANTS OF SOUTH AFEICA. 107hav
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TIIK BUSHMEN. 109Professor Flower h
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THE BUSHMEN.IllBushmen represent a
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THE nOTTEXTOTS.listelligible jargon
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THE HOTTENTOTS 115or their sojourn
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CAPE COLONY. 117Hottentots, are rea
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THEDufrkerl"^Slan^fCopPf^9^1Simon's
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HISTOEIC EETEOSrECT.ll'Jwas gradual
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mSTOEIC EETEOSPECT. 121ceased to fo
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TUE KAFIE W.\IIS. 123llicir Kafir n
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CAPE TOWN. 125they might succeed by
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^^:. . ;âmî:'M^^'^''^^.L
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128 POUTII ANT> EAF^T AFRirA.Amid t
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mnpnrxii axp kast afiîc.v.viciuity
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182 SOUTH AND EAST AFRTOA.miles to
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131 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.quarter,
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;186 SOUTH AND EAST ^VPRICA.little
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138 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEICA.and in c
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140 SOUTU AND KA.î' iU'lUCA.with r
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142 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being lim
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144 SOUTH AKD EAST AFRTPA.with hoai
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146 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.aided by
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148 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.stronges
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160 SOUTH AND EAST AFBICA.was nn im
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152 POUTH AND EAST AFRICA.ground no
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THE KDIBEELEY MINES. 158quence ^vas
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KDIBEELEY—GEIQUA TOWN. 155connect
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BECHTJANALAND. 157the vallej' of th
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THE BECHUANAS. 159beneficial shower
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KUEXJMAN—YEIJBUEG. 161known as st
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SHOSHONG. 163The Ba-^raugwato natio
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THE BA-K.VLAIIAKI. 165century the i
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iBASUTOLAND. 167After founding the
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BASUTOLAND. 169bined with the valou
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KAFIELAND. 171accept concessions of
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"- j:,..,-.-*'.î;"/,c&/>^>^JeKAFIR
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174 ROUin ANP EAST AFKICA.TiiKAma-K
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171! SOrXII AND EAST AFRICA.rnNDOI.
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CHAPTER V.KATAL AND ZULULAND.TTE "C
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180 ÔrXII AXl) KAST AI'RHA.the cxc
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1B2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.mimcrical
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1«1 SOUTH AND EAST iU-"lUCA." ovcr
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—IHGSOUTH AND lOAST ArRICA.of Mar
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;188 SULTII AND KA!>T AFltlCA.Natal
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190 SOUTH AND EAST AFIÎCA.read is
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iti2porrn .\xd east Africa.scene of
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—191 SOUTH AND EAST AFIUCA.acquii
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—CIIArXEH VI.THK DITTCH RRPUHLICS
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193 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.hidden by
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200 SOUTH AND HAST AFRICA.between C
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202 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.\upper co
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201 SOLITII AMI i:\ST AFRICA.Accord
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;206 SOUTH AM) KAST Al'ltlCA.appoin
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TR.VXSVAAL. 207family, and are occa
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TIL:i2CSVAAL. 209been driven, and t
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TR.VN'SViV.VL. 211Jlr. W. n. Pennin
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TEANSVAAL. 218spot is shown the " "
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TRAXSYAAL. 215raad and of the Presi
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DELAGOA BAY. 217LouKEX(ô Marques.T
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DELAGOA BAY. 219age. The neighbouri
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CHAPTER YII.rORTUGTJESE POSSESSIONS
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GAZALAND. 223with its extremely pre
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FLOrtA OF r,AZ.y.AXD. 225veers roun
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4r^' iA.'fgijF;i;--^-'S
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228 SOUTH AXI) I'.AST AFEICA.the ki
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230 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEIC.V.bushmen
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—282 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.brough
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•234 SOUTH AMI llAST AFKICA.In no
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230 SOUTU AND EAST AFKKA.continent.
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—238 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Some t
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210 ?OUTir AXP EAST AFRICA.Zambosc.
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242 SOUTU AND EAST AFEICA.of volcau
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2USOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the columns
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—246 SOUTH ANT) EAST AFRICA.trave
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248 SOTTTII AST) EAST AFRICA.name o
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—260 SOUTH AND EA8T AFinCA.< )ii
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252 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.TiiKZamhe
Page 324 and 325: 251 SOUTU AND EAST AFIUCA.Climate o
Page 326 and 327: 258 SOUTH AND KAsT AFIUCA.K;ifuk\\(
Page 329 and 330: THE AMliuKl.L.V^ 257Imiauixams or t
Page 331 and 332: TIIK l!A-T,UXIiA^;. 259The piiiiiil
Page 333 and 334: THE BAROTSK K^[^]^.K. 261liolub vis
Page 335 and 336: BABOTi^KLAND. 203they arrange tlic
Page 339 and 340: ^rATEBELELAXD. 265not so much a nat
Page 341 and 342: Tirn NrA>:nnxA?;. 267remains in his
Page 343 and 344: TOPOGEAl'UV OF -XLVTEliELELAND. 269
Page 345 and 346: TOrOGRAl'UY OF MAri'.l'.KI.KLAND. 2
Page 347 and 348: THE EA>;TEEX MAKOLOLOS. 273be regar
Page 349 and 350: KAEON'GA—BANDAAVE.27i" can admire
Page 351 and 352: .LAXTVPK. 277native chiefs have als
Page 353 and 354: MOPEA-M.VZAEO. 279Toi'i)(.l{AIMIVOF
Page 355 and 356: CHAPTER IX.MOZ.UIBIQUE.FnOM TIIK Z.
Page 357 and 358: THE ^:A^[ULI mountains 283supposed
Page 359 and 360: LAKE XYASSA. 285of the Zambese delt
Page 363 and 364: THE MOZAMBIUUE CURHEXT. 287grounded
Page 365 and 366: CLIMATE OF MOZAMBIQUE. 289off the c
Page 367 and 368: THE M.UvUAS. 291whole of the Matamb
Page 369 and 370: TIIK t.om'\vt:>: .\xi> vaos. 2onfro
Page 371 and 372: ZAMBT("irK T>:T.ANT». 293immunity
Page 373: Mii/.A:\[r.I(iUK ISLWD. 297b3gaiit)
Page 377 and 378: ClIAl'TER X.Z.iJN'ZIB.VE.Gi:uM.vxEa
Page 379 and 380: AN'ZlBVTv. 303by a conventional lin
Page 382 and 383: ZANZIBARAllEDSayid^ & ReefsExposed
Page 385 and 386: THE EUFIJI EIVEE. 805as they were f
Page 387 and 388: LAKE EIKWA. 807rlisplaced. The allu
Page 389 and 390: FLORA OF USAGAEA. 809between the re
Page 391 and 392: Ti£E m^\:eondes. 311com])lotes tli
Page 393 and 394: THE WAZARAMOS. 818Ihe village, had
Page 397 and 398: THE WAi^WAITELI. 815remarkable skil
Page 399 and 400: MIKIXDAXL—UXDI. 817or else their
Page 403 and 404: KILOA. 319penetrates some 12 miles
Page 405 and 406: 1)AE-ES-S-\L.\.VM. 821Ihe waters of
Page 407 and 408: SAADAXI. 328are taught various trad
Page 409 and 410: THE CAEAVAN TRADE. 325to forward go
Page 411 and 412: ISLAND OF MAFLV. 327two other islan
Page 413: ,g£S«=CS^T--'
Page 416 and 417: 330 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.About the
Page 418 and 419: 332 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.from twel
Page 420 and 421: 884 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the great
Page 422 and 423: CHAPTER XI.KILIMA-NJARO, KENIA, MOM
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888 SOUTH AND EAST AFl!lf'A.Jolinsl
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—840 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.enormo
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—SI -2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.cstiu
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—844 SOUTH AND EAST APEICA."Solit
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3IGSOUTH AND EAST Al'EIOA.of from 4
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313 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.a ilistau
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850 Bnl Til AN'D KAST Al'UlOA.!i iK
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352 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.By taking
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864 SOUTH AND E^LST AFEIfA.The hipp
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356 . SOUTH AND EAST .Yl'RKW.Tin-:A
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868 SOTTTII AND EAST AmiCA.Each fam
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8G0SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Amongst tl
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I802 SOUTH AXD EAST Al-'RICA.usual
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3C4SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.iiiuuy otl
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3GGSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.At that ti
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8C8SOTTH AXD KAST AFRICA.Although i
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870 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.their res
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872 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.were fina
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374 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.too confi
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876 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tion to t
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878 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.those la
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880 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the Katar
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382 SOUTH AND EAST APRICA.The fiira
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884 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.uume of G
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—886 SOUTH AN'I» KAST AFRICA.for
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38ftSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Ai-iibiii
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yOOSOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.iistrich a
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392 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being det
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894 SOUTH ANTJ EAST AFRICA.The Soma
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8'JGSOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.a conveni
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;808 SOUTH AND JOAST AFltlCA.Hiiiit
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400 SOUTH AND EAST AFKK'A.wars whic
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TILE EASTERN G.\LL.VS. 401nation of
Page 495 and 496:
TIIH KASTKRN G.VI.LAS. 403the chang
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VITU LAND. 405claims and even threa
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KISMAVU.—BARDERA. 407lion, lies n
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MAGDOSHU. 409which the natives had
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OPIA.—BEEGHEL.4Uhowever, the numh
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STREET IN BERBERA.
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414 SOUTH AND KAST Al'lUCA.to nil t
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—CHAPTER XIII.EAST ATEICAN ISL.VN
Page 512:
•121 POUTII ANn EAST AFRICA.Europ
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MADAGASCAR 425islanders, wlio were
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SOKOTEA. 417Inhabitants.The island
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SOKOTEA. 419Climate.— Prodicts.Th
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MADAGASCAR. 421name of the inhabita
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PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF MADAGASCAR. 42
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EIVERS OF MADAGASCAI!. 429It has be
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COAST or SIADAGASCAE. 481Thus the e
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IIi
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-431 SOl'TII AND K.VST ArRK'A.rocks
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430 SOUTn AND EAST AFRICA.related b
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438 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.Several o
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440 SOUTU AXD EAST AFEICA.tbiitueut
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442 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.themselve
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444 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the west
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4 t(j SOUTH AXD EAST AFRTf'A.iippoi
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448 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.and tremb
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450 SOUTH AND EAST ^VFEICA.oujoyiug
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lJ-2SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.Sla\i:ky.
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454 SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.were all
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l.-.OSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Farther
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45a SOUTH AN1» EAST AFRICAAiiiloro
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;4C0SOUTH AND EAST Al'RICA.several
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462 SOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.3,780 fee
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464 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Hoforo th
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—466 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.revenu
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488 SOUrn AMI RAST AFUK'A.lures ill
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—470 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.on thi
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-...I,.s, ..n.l .s ,lu. „l...u bo
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471 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.till' IfK
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. .III7GAITENDIX.Concclhos or Circl
Page 584 and 585:
;47aAPrENorx.. . ;Mugisteriul Diatr
Page 586 and 587:
Damaraland480 Ari'KNDIX.RAILWAYS.To
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'.\482 Al'l'EXKIX.Anm-KungwoAma-ICo
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ArrEXDIX. 485POrrLATION (WHITE) ACC
Page 593 and 594:
APPENDIX. 487Bapedi, East Lydenburg
Page 595 and 596:
IIAPPENDIX.4S9Maeohikori]Mtanue Nor
Page 597 and 598:
'APPENDIX. 491Wakwehe \'Wakami niJe
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'APPENDIX. 493CHTEF DIVISIONS OF TH
Page 601 and 602:
APPENDIX. 495the coast dialects, ca
Page 603 and 604:
INDEX.Abai River, 3S4Aba-zanzi, 205
Page 605 and 606:
INDEX. 499Dar-es-Salaam, 3.'0Darode
Page 607 and 608:
INDEX. 501Lu-fu River, 6Lui^ River,
Page 609 and 610:
IXDEX. 503Sanyati. 264Siio-Jo.se, 3
Page 616:
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