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40 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.from supplies, ran tlio risk of perishing from hunger, and whole months passedwithout a single Portuguese or Brazilian vessel making its appearance in theport.But although the planters predicted that the entire abolition of the slave tradewould complete the ruin of Loanda and the whole territory, their forebodings havenot been realised.The population, which numbered about twelve thousand in themiddle of the present century, has even increased since then ; while the city, whichfor a time presented the appearance of having undergone a bombardment, has beenenlarged and improved. The debris of churches and convents have been clearedaway and replaced by promenades ; the narrow streets have been broadened, andthe houses, built for the most part of Brazilian timber, proof against the attacks oftermites, are well kept, well ventilated, supplied with verandahs, and painted inbright yellow, pink, or light blue colours.Over all the surroimding hills are dottednumerous miisseques, or villas, nestling beneath the shade of the baobab and otherforest trees, which here thrive notwithstanding the poverty of the soil.But Loanda still continues to bo an unhealthy place, and even recently theinhabitants were reduced to great straits for want of sufficient water, a well anda few cisterns being wholly inadequate to meet the demand. Quite a flotilla oftalaveiras, or barges, had to be daily sent for fresh supplies to the neighbouringriver Bengo. At present the pure water of this stream is conveyed to the city bymeans of a canal, which is also intended to be utilised for irrigation purposes. Abeginning has likewise been made with the line of railway which is to run throughthe Zenza, or Upper Bengo valley, into the interior, and which must sooner orlater be continued to the station of Ambaca, an important centre of trade with thesurroimding Congoese populations.This railway, a first concession for which wasmade in 1875, is the initial section of the trans-continental line which is intendedone daj^ to traverse Portuguese Africa in its entire length from the shores of theAtlantic to those of the Indian Ocean.More than half of the trade of Angola is centred in the port of Loanda, throughwhich nearly all articles of European manufacture reach the interior.In exchangefor these wares the inhabitants have little to offer beyond the produce of the localfisheries ; but from the inland districts they receive an abundance of colonialproduce, especially coffee and caoutchouc.The trade of Loanda is fostered by the ocean steamers which now regularlj^visit the roadstead; but the port is unfortunately too shallow to enable them toapproach the town. Down to the beginning of the present centmy the largestvessels were still able to ride at anchor within a few cable-lengths of the shore;but this anchorage has been gradually encroached upon by the silting sands, andthe beach has been enlarged at the expense of the bay, so that the naval fleet andTransatlantic packets are now obliged to cast anchor under the shelter of thesandy island nearly a mile and a half to the north of the city.Pending the completion of the railwaj- intended to bring Loanda into directcommunication with the inland plantations, the best trade route is that oii'ercd bythe course of the Lower Cuanza. After rounding Cape Palmeirinhas and ci'ossing
MTJXIMA. 41the bar at its mouth, the coast steamers are able to ascend this great artery as faras the to-«-n of Doudo. One of the first riverain ports on the right bank isCalitmho, which may be regarded as the fluvial port of Loanda, which lies littlemore than 20 miles to the north-west, and which is connected by a good carriageroad with the Cuanza. It has also been proposed to construct a jimction canal,as originally projected by the Dutch, who held possession of Loanda for afew years.Nearly all the plantations in the rich valley of the Cuanza lie on the rightbank, which is the lower and more fertile of the two. Here the vegetationrig-.13.—DoxBO.Scale 1 : 11,000./H^'
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*~^J' »4V4-iu,J^MrM'*»(/>?'^* ;(l
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-fftv
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THE EARTH AND ITSINHABITANTSTHEUNIV
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^1 \r. ^\CONTENTS.CHAP. ""=I. AxOOL
Page 14 and 15: .IJST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LIST OF ILLU
Page 17 and 18: THE UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY.SOUTH AND E
Page 19 and 20: —axCtOlan uplands. 3and separated
Page 21 and 22: ANGOLAN UPLANDS. 5in height, the hi
Page 25 and 26: AXGOLAN EIYEES. 7their sources beyo
Page 27 and 28: ANGOLAN EIVEES. 9tall reeds {arundo
Page 29 and 30: ANGOLAN CLIiLVTE. 11it freezes, as
Page 31 and 32: —ANGOLAN FLOEA. 13terminates abru
Page 33 and 34: ANGOLAN FAUNA. 15the coast, althoug
Page 37 and 38: —INHABITANTS OF ANGOLA. 17success
Page 39 and 40: IXnABITAXTS OF AXGOLA. 19practices.
Page 41 and 42: THE BUXDAS. 21lliey began to cxterm
Page 43 and 44: THE BU>rDAS. 23the deatli Las not b
Page 47 and 48: THE SOUrn ANGOLAN TEIBES. 25ITcauti
Page 49 and 50: ;THE SOUTH ANGOLAN TRIBES. 27are co
Page 51 and 52: —THE PEETO? AND EUEOPEAXSi, 29Eur
Page 53 and 54: THE SLAVE TEADE. 31tionised during
Page 55 and 56: —SAN-SALVADOE. 33priests ordained
Page 57 and 58: intervening houses have to be clear
Page 59 and 60: LOAN!) A. 37known, altliougli forme
Page 63: lo-\:n"da. . 39{cyprwa moticta), us
Page 67 and 68: AMBACA. 43was able to raise eight t
Page 69 and 70: PUNGO-NDONGO. 45almost complete dep
Page 71 and 72: BIHfi. 47as the region of the gi'ea
Page 73 and 74: BEXGUELLA. 49Velha, or "Old Benguel
Page 77 and 78: MOSSAMEDES. 51Mossamedes with their
Page 79 and 80: nUMrATA. 53facing the perils of for
Page 81 and 82: EESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 55tlie reckles
Page 83 and 84: BESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 67failure. Eve
Page 85 and 86: IADMINISTRATION OF ANGOLA. 59blacks
Page 87 and 88: GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA. 61disaj^p
Page 89 and 90: PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SOUTH-WEST AFE
Page 93 and 94: THE SWAKOP AXD KnOSIB EIVEES.G5rese
Page 95 and 96: THE OVA-MBOS. 67vallej- has its ham
Page 97 and 98: THE HEREEOS. 69A few scattered grou
Page 99 and 100: THE HEEEROS, 71land." The total num
Page 101 and 102: THE nn,L DA^L\EAS AXD NAMAQUAS. 73i
Page 103 and 104: WAL\aSCn BAY. 75Topography.Hitherto
Page 107 and 108: ANGEA PEQUENA. 77something more tli
Page 109 and 110: SOUTH iU7EICA ^VXD ALGERIA COXTEAST
Page 112: ^M ihO Ha:
Page 116:
—82 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.isolate
Page 120 and 121:
84 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.In the Gre
Page 122 and 123:
80 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tlio Limpo
Page 124 and 125:
88 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.only on ra
Page 126 and 127:
90 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.Throuj^hou
Page 128 and 129:
92 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.The Kei, t
Page 130 and 131:
94 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.lJi;].A(;(
Page 133 and 134:
THE LIMPOPO. 95basin, which has now
Page 135 and 136:
CLIMATE OP 80UTU AFRICA. 97remarkab
Page 137 and 138:
CLIJkLlTE OF SOUTH AFEICA. 99Ziilul
Page 139 and 140:
FLOE A OF SOUTH AFEICA. 101husbandi
Page 141 and 142:
FLORA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 103the curre
Page 143 and 144:
FAUXA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 105consistin
Page 145 and 146:
IXHABITANTS OF SOUTH AFEICA. 107hav
Page 149 and 150:
TIIK BUSHMEN. 109Professor Flower h
Page 151 and 152:
THE BUSHMEN.IllBushmen represent a
Page 153 and 154:
THE nOTTEXTOTS.listelligible jargon
Page 155 and 156:
THE HOTTENTOTS 115or their sojourn
Page 157 and 158:
CAPE COLONY. 117Hottentots, are rea
Page 160 and 161:
THEDufrkerl"^Slan^fCopPf^9^1Simon's
Page 163 and 164:
HISTOEIC EETEOSrECT.ll'Jwas gradual
Page 165 and 166:
mSTOEIC EETEOSPECT. 121ceased to fo
Page 167 and 168:
TUE KAFIE W.\IIS. 123llicir Kafir n
Page 169 and 170:
CAPE TOWN. 125they might succeed by
Page 171:
^^:. . ;âmî:'M^^'^''^^.L
Page 174 and 175:
128 POUTII ANT> EAF^T AFRirA.Amid t
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mnpnrxii axp kast afiîc.v.viciuity
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182 SOUTH AND EAST AFRTOA.miles to
Page 180:
131 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.quarter,
Page 184 and 185:
;186 SOUTH AND EAST ^VPRICA.little
Page 186 and 187:
138 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEICA.and in c
Page 188 and 189:
140 SOUTU AND KA.î' iU'lUCA.with r
Page 190 and 191:
142 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being lim
Page 192:
144 SOUTH AKD EAST AFRTPA.with hoai
Page 196 and 197:
146 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.aided by
Page 198 and 199:
148 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.stronges
Page 200 and 201:
160 SOUTH AND EAST AFBICA.was nn im
Page 202 and 203:
152 POUTH AND EAST AFRICA.ground no
Page 205 and 206:
THE KDIBEELEY MINES. 158quence ^vas
Page 207 and 208:
KDIBEELEY—GEIQUA TOWN. 155connect
Page 209 and 210:
BECHTJANALAND. 157the vallej' of th
Page 211 and 212:
THE BECHUANAS. 159beneficial shower
Page 213 and 214:
KUEXJMAN—YEIJBUEG. 161known as st
Page 217 and 218:
SHOSHONG. 163The Ba-^raugwato natio
Page 219 and 220:
THE BA-K.VLAIIAKI. 165century the i
Page 221 and 222:
iBASUTOLAND. 167After founding the
Page 223 and 224:
BASUTOLAND. 169bined with the valou
Page 225 and 226:
KAFIELAND. 171accept concessions of
Page 227:
"- j:,..,-.-*'.î;"/,c&/>^>^JeKAFIR
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174 ROUin ANP EAST AFKICA.TiiKAma-K
Page 232 and 233:
171! SOrXII AND EAST AFRICA.rnNDOI.
Page 234:
CHAPTER V.KATAL AND ZULULAND.TTE "C
Page 238 and 239:
180 ÔrXII AXl) KAST AI'RHA.the cxc
Page 240 and 241:
1B2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.mimcrical
Page 242:
1«1 SOUTH AND EAST iU-"lUCA." ovcr
Page 246 and 247:
—IHGSOUTH AND lOAST ArRICA.of Mar
Page 248 and 249:
;188 SULTII AND KA!>T AFltlCA.Natal
Page 250 and 251:
190 SOUTH AND EAST AFIÎCA.read is
Page 252 and 253:
iti2porrn .\xd east Africa.scene of
Page 254 and 255:
—191 SOUTH AND EAST AFIUCA.acquii
Page 256 and 257:
—CIIArXEH VI.THK DITTCH RRPUHLICS
Page 258 and 259:
193 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.hidden by
Page 260 and 261:
200 SOUTH AND HAST AFRICA.between C
Page 262 and 263:
202 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.\upper co
Page 264 and 265:
201 SOLITII AMI i:\ST AFRICA.Accord
Page 266 and 267:
;206 SOUTH AM) KAST Al'ltlCA.appoin
Page 269 and 270:
TR.VXSVAAL. 207family, and are occa
Page 271 and 272:
TIL:i2CSVAAL. 209been driven, and t
Page 273 and 274:
TR.VN'SViV.VL. 211Jlr. W. n. Pennin
Page 277 and 278:
TEANSVAAL. 218spot is shown the " "
Page 279 and 280:
TRAXSYAAL. 215raad and of the Presi
Page 281 and 282:
DELAGOA BAY. 217LouKEX(ô Marques.T
Page 283 and 284:
DELAGOA BAY. 219age. The neighbouri
Page 285 and 286:
CHAPTER YII.rORTUGTJESE POSSESSIONS
Page 287 and 288:
GAZALAND. 223with its extremely pre
Page 289 and 290:
FLOrtA OF r,AZ.y.AXD. 225veers roun
Page 291:
4r^' iA.'fgijF;i;--^-'S
Page 294 and 295:
228 SOUTH AXI) I'.AST AFEICA.the ki
Page 296 and 297:
230 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEIC.V.bushmen
Page 298 and 299:
—282 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.brough
Page 300 and 301:
•234 SOUTH AMI llAST AFKICA.In no
Page 302 and 303:
230 SOUTU AND EAST AFKKA.continent.
Page 304 and 305:
—238 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Some t
Page 306 and 307:
210 ?OUTir AXP EAST AFRICA.Zambosc.
Page 308:
242 SOUTU AND EAST AFEICA.of volcau
Page 312 and 313:
2USOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the columns
Page 314 and 315:
—246 SOUTH ANT) EAST AFRICA.trave
Page 316:
248 SOTTTII AST) EAST AFRICA.name o
Page 320 and 321:
—260 SOUTH AND EA8T AFinCA.< )ii
Page 322 and 323:
252 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.TiiKZamhe
Page 324 and 325:
251 SOUTU AND EAST AFIUCA.Climate o
Page 326 and 327:
258 SOUTH AND KAsT AFIUCA.K;ifuk\\(
Page 329 and 330:
THE AMliuKl.L.V^ 257Imiauixams or t
Page 331 and 332:
TIIK l!A-T,UXIiA^;. 259The piiiiiil
Page 333 and 334:
THE BAROTSK K^[^]^.K. 261liolub vis
Page 335 and 336:
BABOTi^KLAND. 203they arrange tlic
Page 339 and 340:
^rATEBELELAXD. 265not so much a nat
Page 341 and 342:
Tirn NrA>:nnxA?;. 267remains in his
Page 343 and 344:
TOPOGEAl'UV OF -XLVTEliELELAND. 269
Page 345 and 346:
TOrOGRAl'UY OF MAri'.l'.KI.KLAND. 2
Page 347 and 348:
THE EA>;TEEX MAKOLOLOS. 273be regar
Page 349 and 350:
KAEON'GA—BANDAAVE.27i" can admire
Page 351 and 352:
.LAXTVPK. 277native chiefs have als
Page 353 and 354:
MOPEA-M.VZAEO. 279Toi'i)(.l{AIMIVOF
Page 355 and 356:
CHAPTER IX.MOZ.UIBIQUE.FnOM TIIK Z.
Page 357 and 358:
THE ^:A^[ULI mountains 283supposed
Page 359 and 360:
LAKE XYASSA. 285of the Zambese delt
Page 363 and 364:
THE MOZAMBIUUE CURHEXT. 287grounded
Page 365 and 366:
CLIMATE OF MOZAMBIQUE. 289off the c
Page 367 and 368:
THE M.UvUAS. 291whole of the Matamb
Page 369 and 370:
TIIK t.om'\vt:>: .\xi> vaos. 2onfro
Page 371 and 372:
ZAMBT("irK T>:T.ANT». 293immunity
Page 373 and 374:
Mii/.A:\[r.I(iUK ISLWD. 297b3gaiit)
Page 375 and 376:
ADXronSTRATION OF MOZAMBIQUE. 299mu
Page 377 and 378:
ClIAl'TER X.Z.iJN'ZIB.VE.Gi:uM.vxEa
Page 379 and 380:
AN'ZlBVTv. 303by a conventional lin
Page 382 and 383:
ZANZIBARAllEDSayid^ & ReefsExposed
Page 385 and 386:
THE EUFIJI EIVEE. 805as they were f
Page 387 and 388:
LAKE EIKWA. 807rlisplaced. The allu
Page 389 and 390:
FLORA OF USAGAEA. 809between the re
Page 391 and 392:
Ti£E m^\:eondes. 311com])lotes tli
Page 393 and 394:
THE WAZARAMOS. 818Ihe village, had
Page 397 and 398:
THE WAi^WAITELI. 815remarkable skil
Page 399 and 400:
MIKIXDAXL—UXDI. 817or else their
Page 403 and 404:
KILOA. 319penetrates some 12 miles
Page 405 and 406:
1)AE-ES-S-\L.\.VM. 821Ihe waters of
Page 407 and 408:
SAADAXI. 328are taught various trad
Page 409 and 410:
THE CAEAVAN TRADE. 325to forward go
Page 411 and 412:
ISLAND OF MAFLV. 327two other islan
Page 413:
,g£S«=CS^T--'
Page 416 and 417:
330 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.About the
Page 418 and 419:
332 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.from twel
Page 420 and 421:
884 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the great
Page 422 and 423:
CHAPTER XI.KILIMA-NJARO, KENIA, MOM
Page 424 and 425:
888 SOUTH AND EAST AFl!lf'A.Jolinsl
Page 426 and 427:
—840 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.enormo
Page 428 and 429:
—SI -2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.cstiu
Page 430 and 431:
—844 SOUTH AND EAST APEICA."Solit
Page 432 and 433:
3IGSOUTH AND EAST Al'EIOA.of from 4
Page 434 and 435:
313 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.a ilistau
Page 436 and 437:
850 Bnl Til AN'D KAST Al'UlOA.!i iK
Page 438 and 439:
352 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.By taking
Page 440 and 441:
864 SOUTH AND E^LST AFEIfA.The hipp
Page 442 and 443:
356 . SOUTH AND EAST .Yl'RKW.Tin-:A
Page 444 and 445:
868 SOTTTII AND EAST AmiCA.Each fam
Page 446 and 447:
8G0SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Amongst tl
Page 448 and 449:
I802 SOUTH AXD EAST Al-'RICA.usual
Page 450 and 451:
3C4SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.iiiuuy otl
Page 452 and 453:
3GGSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.At that ti
Page 454:
8C8SOTTH AXD KAST AFRICA.Although i
Page 458 and 459:
870 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.their res
Page 460 and 461:
872 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.were fina
Page 462 and 463:
374 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.too confi
Page 464 and 465:
876 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tion to t
Page 466 and 467:
878 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.those la
Page 468 and 469:
880 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the Katar
Page 470 and 471:
382 SOUTH AND EAST APRICA.The fiira
Page 472 and 473:
884 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.uume of G
Page 474 and 475:
—886 SOUTH AN'I» KAST AFRICA.for
Page 476 and 477:
38ftSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Ai-iibiii
Page 478 and 479:
yOOSOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.iistrich a
Page 480:
392 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being det
Page 484 and 485:
894 SOUTH ANTJ EAST AFRICA.The Soma
Page 486 and 487:
8'JGSOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.a conveni
Page 488 and 489:
;808 SOUTH AND JOAST AFltlCA.Hiiiit
Page 490 and 491:
400 SOUTH AND EAST AFKK'A.wars whic
Page 493 and 494:
TILE EASTERN G.\LL.VS. 401nation of
Page 495 and 496:
TIIH KASTKRN G.VI.LAS. 403the chang
Page 497 and 498:
VITU LAND. 405claims and even threa
Page 499 and 500:
KISMAVU.—BARDERA. 407lion, lies n
Page 501 and 502:
MAGDOSHU. 409which the natives had
Page 503 and 504:
OPIA.—BEEGHEL.4Uhowever, the numh
Page 505:
STREET IN BERBERA.
Page 508 and 509:
414 SOUTH AND KAST Al'lUCA.to nil t
Page 510 and 511:
—CHAPTER XIII.EAST ATEICAN ISL.VN
Page 512:
•121 POUTII ANn EAST AFRICA.Europ
Page 517 and 518:
MADAGASCAR 425islanders, wlio were
Page 519 and 520:
SOKOTEA. 417Inhabitants.The island
Page 521 and 522:
SOKOTEA. 419Climate.— Prodicts.Th
Page 523 and 524:
MADAGASCAR. 421name of the inhabita
Page 525 and 526:
PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF MADAGASCAR. 42
Page 527 and 528:
EIVERS OF MADAGASCAI!. 429It has be
Page 529 and 530:
COAST or SIADAGASCAE. 481Thus the e
Page 532 and 533:
IIi
Page 534 and 535:
-431 SOl'TII AND K.VST ArRK'A.rocks
Page 536 and 537:
430 SOUTn AND EAST AFRICA.related b
Page 538 and 539:
438 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.Several o
Page 540 and 541:
440 SOUTU AXD EAST AFEICA.tbiitueut
Page 542 and 543:
442 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.themselve
Page 544 and 545:
444 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the west
Page 546 and 547:
4 t(j SOUTH AXD EAST AFRTf'A.iippoi
Page 548 and 549:
448 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.and tremb
Page 550 and 551:
450 SOUTH AND EAST ^VFEICA.oujoyiug
Page 552 and 553:
lJ-2SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.Sla\i:ky.
Page 554 and 555:
454 SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.were all
Page 556:
l.-.OSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Farther
Page 560 and 561:
45a SOUTH AN1» EAST AFRICAAiiiloro
Page 562:
;4C0SOUTH AND EAST Al'RICA.several
Page 566 and 567:
462 SOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.3,780 fee
Page 568 and 569:
464 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Hoforo th
Page 570 and 571:
—466 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.revenu
Page 572:
488 SOUrn AMI RAST AFUK'A.lures ill
Page 576 and 577:
—470 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.on thi
Page 578 and 579:
-...I,.s, ..n.l .s ,lu. „l...u bo
Page 580 and 581:
471 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.till' IfK
Page 582 and 583:
. .III7GAITENDIX.Concclhos or Circl
Page 584 and 585:
;47aAPrENorx.. . ;Mugisteriul Diatr
Page 586 and 587:
Damaraland480 Ari'KNDIX.RAILWAYS.To
Page 588:
'.\482 Al'l'EXKIX.Anm-KungwoAma-ICo
Page 591 and 592:
ArrEXDIX. 485POrrLATION (WHITE) ACC
Page 593 and 594:
APPENDIX. 487Bapedi, East Lydenburg
Page 595 and 596:
IIAPPENDIX.4S9Maeohikori]Mtanue Nor
Page 597 and 598:
'APPENDIX. 491Wakwehe \'Wakami niJe
Page 599 and 600:
'APPENDIX. 493CHTEF DIVISIONS OF TH
Page 601 and 602:
APPENDIX. 495the coast dialects, ca
Page 603 and 604:
INDEX.Abai River, 3S4Aba-zanzi, 205
Page 605 and 606:
INDEX. 499Dar-es-Salaam, 3.'0Darode
Page 607 and 608:
INDEX. 501Lu-fu River, 6Lui^ River,
Page 609 and 610:
IXDEX. 503Sanyati. 264Siio-Jo.se, 3
Page 616:
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