The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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200 sol 'Til AM' i;ast Al'inOA.Aviib oui'ujKition, has some regular buildings iu the Portuguese slylo, protected bythe guns of Fort Saint Sclinatian, at tlic northern extremity of the island. Thehuts of the " black town " are grouped in the soulhern p;irt of ^lozambique, nearFort Sniiit Lainriirc.On lliis arid islet the i-aln\vatcr is carefully lnisl)ande
Mii/.A:\[r.I(iUK ISLWD. 297b3gaiit)b-' shipp'l at Moz iiubique in 1873, ami in six years tliL^ value of thisarticle alone was about t'lO.OOO. But it then fell off almist more rapidly than itha'l increased, whole forests having been destroyed to supply the demand. In thesame way the ivory trade has ceased with the almost total disappearance of theelephant from the whole region east of Nyassa. The foreign commerce, which ismade almost exclusively with England and France, is in the hands of a fewliundred whites, Portuguese of Goa, half-castes, and Banyans. As at Ibo andQuelimane, woven fabrics are imported almost entirely bj' the Bombay merchants.The bulk of the population consists of Mohammedan blacks, who are descendedfrom various coast tribes, but who have abandoned their national customs anddistinctive characteristics, and become gradually transformed to a proletariateclass, such as is met in all European seaports. The current language amongstthem is an extremel}' corrupt forna of the ^lakua, one of the idioms of East Africathat has been most carefully studied by the missionaries. Jlozambique, whichhas a population of over ten thousand, is one of the few places on the East Africanseaboard which possesses "learned societies," amongst others a geographicalsocioiy. Here arc also published some books and journals. ( )n one of the neighbouringbeaches is collected some salt, which people connected with (his industrycompare with that of Setubal, the best in Europe.Natural dependencies of Mozambique are the so-called Terras Firman, that isto say, tlie villages and settlements of the mainland situated on the .shores of thebuy. Amongst these is Mosiori/, where the governor and European traders havetlieir country seats, scattei'ed with other houses to a distance of G miles to thenorth-west of the town towards the neck of the Cabeceira Peninsula, which projectsbetween Mossoril and Couducia Bays. The magnificent natural harbours ofMocamho to the south and Couducia to the north of Mozambique, lie completelyidle, owing to the sparse population on the surrounding coast lands, and (lie absenceof routes leading to the inland regions.Even the group of sjilendid harbours lying to the north of Couducia Bay in theGulf of Fcrnao ^'ellozo (Yeloso), is, if not entirely neglected, at all events verylittle utilised by sea-going vessels.But the natives are well acquainted with itsvalue, for they have given it the name of Masasiiiui, that is to say, " Perfect shelter."'It penetrates some six miles into the interior of tlu' land, and at its upper endbranches off into two very deep inner havens protected from all winds. Thenurth-wcstcrn port, called Niliogclic by the natives, and Behnore Harbour by theICnglish, has over G-3 feet at the sill near the entrance. Nkala also, that is, thecorresponding south-western basin, although shallower than the passage throughwhich it conmuinicates with the sea, is nevertheless deep and spacious enough toafford accommodation for whole fleets. The east side of this magnificent basin,which ramifies into several secondary inlets, is skirted by cliffs and headlandsfrom 100 to 200 feet high, and this district appears to be sufficiently salubrious tosupply favourable sites for European coloui-sation.(Several little watercourses fall into the basin on the west side, which islow and covered with a rich alluvial soil, where, with a little labour, heavy crops
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-fftv
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THE EARTH AND ITSINHABITANTSTHEUNIV
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^1 \r. ^\CONTENTS.CHAP. ""=I. AxOOL
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.IJST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LIST OF ILLU
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THE UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY.SOUTH AND E
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—axCtOlan uplands. 3and separated
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ANGOLAN UPLANDS. 5in height, the hi
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AXGOLAN EIYEES. 7their sources beyo
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ANGOLAN EIVEES. 9tall reeds {arundo
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ANGOLAN CLIiLVTE. 11it freezes, as
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—ANGOLAN FLOEA. 13terminates abru
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ANGOLAN FAUNA. 15the coast, althoug
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—INHABITANTS OF ANGOLA. 17success
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IXnABITAXTS OF AXGOLA. 19practices.
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THE BUXDAS. 21lliey began to cxterm
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THE BU>rDAS. 23the deatli Las not b
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THE SOUrn ANGOLAN TEIBES. 25ITcauti
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;THE SOUTH ANGOLAN TRIBES. 27are co
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—THE PEETO? AND EUEOPEAXSi, 29Eur
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THE SLAVE TEADE. 31tionised during
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—SAN-SALVADOE. 33priests ordained
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intervening houses have to be clear
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LOAN!) A. 37known, altliougli forme
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lo-\:n"da. . 39{cyprwa moticta), us
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MTJXIMA. 41the bar at its mouth, th
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AMBACA. 43was able to raise eight t
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PUNGO-NDONGO. 45almost complete dep
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BIHfi. 47as the region of the gi'ea
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BEXGUELLA. 49Velha, or "Old Benguel
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MOSSAMEDES. 51Mossamedes with their
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nUMrATA. 53facing the perils of for
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EESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 55tlie reckles
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BESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 67failure. Eve
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IADMINISTRATION OF ANGOLA. 59blacks
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GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA. 61disaj^p
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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SOUTH-WEST AFE
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THE SWAKOP AXD KnOSIB EIVEES.G5rese
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THE OVA-MBOS. 67vallej- has its ham
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THE HEREEOS. 69A few scattered grou
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THE HEEEROS, 71land." The total num
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THE nn,L DA^L\EAS AXD NAMAQUAS. 73i
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WAL\aSCn BAY. 75Topography.Hitherto
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ANGEA PEQUENA. 77something more tli
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SOUTH iU7EICA ^VXD ALGERIA COXTEAST
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^M ihO Ha:
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—82 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.isolate
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84 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.In the Gre
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80 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tlio Limpo
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88 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.only on ra
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90 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.Throuj^hou
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92 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.The Kei, t
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94 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.lJi;].A(;(
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THE LIMPOPO. 95basin, which has now
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CLIMATE OP 80UTU AFRICA. 97remarkab
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CLIJkLlTE OF SOUTH AFEICA. 99Ziilul
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FLOE A OF SOUTH AFEICA. 101husbandi
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FLORA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 103the curre
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FAUXA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 105consistin
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IXHABITANTS OF SOUTH AFEICA. 107hav
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TIIK BUSHMEN. 109Professor Flower h
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THE BUSHMEN.IllBushmen represent a
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THE nOTTEXTOTS.listelligible jargon
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THE HOTTENTOTS 115or their sojourn
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CAPE COLONY. 117Hottentots, are rea
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THEDufrkerl"^Slan^fCopPf^9^1Simon's
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HISTOEIC EETEOSrECT.ll'Jwas gradual
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mSTOEIC EETEOSPECT. 121ceased to fo
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TUE KAFIE W.\IIS. 123llicir Kafir n
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CAPE TOWN. 125they might succeed by
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^^:. . ;âmî:'M^^'^''^^.L
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128 POUTII ANT> EAF^T AFRirA.Amid t
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mnpnrxii axp kast afiîc.v.viciuity
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182 SOUTH AND EAST AFRTOA.miles to
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131 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.quarter,
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;186 SOUTH AND EAST ^VPRICA.little
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138 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEICA.and in c
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140 SOUTU AND KA.î' iU'lUCA.with r
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142 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being lim
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144 SOUTH AKD EAST AFRTPA.with hoai
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146 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.aided by
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148 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.stronges
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160 SOUTH AND EAST AFBICA.was nn im
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152 POUTH AND EAST AFRICA.ground no
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THE KDIBEELEY MINES. 158quence ^vas
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KDIBEELEY—GEIQUA TOWN. 155connect
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BECHTJANALAND. 157the vallej' of th
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THE BECHUANAS. 159beneficial shower
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KUEXJMAN—YEIJBUEG. 161known as st
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SHOSHONG. 163The Ba-^raugwato natio
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THE BA-K.VLAIIAKI. 165century the i
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iBASUTOLAND. 167After founding the
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BASUTOLAND. 169bined with the valou
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KAFIELAND. 171accept concessions of
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"- j:,..,-.-*'.î;"/,c&/>^>^JeKAFIR
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174 ROUin ANP EAST AFKICA.TiiKAma-K
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171! SOrXII AND EAST AFRICA.rnNDOI.
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CHAPTER V.KATAL AND ZULULAND.TTE "C
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180 ÔrXII AXl) KAST AI'RHA.the cxc
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1B2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.mimcrical
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1«1 SOUTH AND EAST iU-"lUCA." ovcr
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—IHGSOUTH AND lOAST ArRICA.of Mar
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;188 SULTII AND KA!>T AFltlCA.Natal
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190 SOUTH AND EAST AFIÎCA.read is
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iti2porrn .\xd east Africa.scene of
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—191 SOUTH AND EAST AFIUCA.acquii
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—CIIArXEH VI.THK DITTCH RRPUHLICS
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193 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.hidden by
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200 SOUTH AND HAST AFRICA.between C
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202 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.\upper co
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201 SOLITII AMI i:\ST AFRICA.Accord
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;206 SOUTH AM) KAST Al'ltlCA.appoin
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TR.VXSVAAL. 207family, and are occa
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TIL:i2CSVAAL. 209been driven, and t
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TR.VN'SViV.VL. 211Jlr. W. n. Pennin
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TEANSVAAL. 218spot is shown the " "
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TRAXSYAAL. 215raad and of the Presi
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DELAGOA BAY. 217LouKEX(ô Marques.T
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DELAGOA BAY. 219age. The neighbouri
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CHAPTER YII.rORTUGTJESE POSSESSIONS
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GAZALAND. 223with its extremely pre
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FLOrtA OF r,AZ.y.AXD. 225veers roun
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4r^' iA.'fgijF;i;--^-'S
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228 SOUTH AXI) I'.AST AFEICA.the ki
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230 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEIC.V.bushmen
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—282 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.brough
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•234 SOUTH AMI llAST AFKICA.In no
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230 SOUTU AND EAST AFKKA.continent.
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—238 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Some t
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210 ?OUTir AXP EAST AFRICA.Zambosc.
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242 SOUTU AND EAST AFEICA.of volcau
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2USOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the columns
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—246 SOUTH ANT) EAST AFRICA.trave
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248 SOTTTII AST) EAST AFRICA.name o
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—260 SOUTH AND EA8T AFinCA.< )ii
Page 322 and 323: 252 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.TiiKZamhe
Page 324 and 325: 251 SOUTU AND EAST AFIUCA.Climate o
Page 326 and 327: 258 SOUTH AND KAsT AFIUCA.K;ifuk\\(
Page 329 and 330: THE AMliuKl.L.V^ 257Imiauixams or t
Page 331 and 332: TIIK l!A-T,UXIiA^;. 259The piiiiiil
Page 333 and 334: THE BAROTSK K^[^]^.K. 261liolub vis
Page 335 and 336: BABOTi^KLAND. 203they arrange tlic
Page 339 and 340: ^rATEBELELAXD. 265not so much a nat
Page 341 and 342: Tirn NrA>:nnxA?;. 267remains in his
Page 343 and 344: TOPOGEAl'UV OF -XLVTEliELELAND. 269
Page 345 and 346: TOrOGRAl'UY OF MAri'.l'.KI.KLAND. 2
Page 347 and 348: THE EA>;TEEX MAKOLOLOS. 273be regar
Page 349 and 350: KAEON'GA—BANDAAVE.27i" can admire
Page 351 and 352: .LAXTVPK. 277native chiefs have als
Page 353 and 354: MOPEA-M.VZAEO. 279Toi'i)(.l{AIMIVOF
Page 355 and 356: CHAPTER IX.MOZ.UIBIQUE.FnOM TIIK Z.
Page 357 and 358: THE ^:A^[ULI mountains 283supposed
Page 359 and 360: LAKE XYASSA. 285of the Zambese delt
Page 363 and 364: THE MOZAMBIUUE CURHEXT. 287grounded
Page 365 and 366: CLIMATE OF MOZAMBIQUE. 289off the c
Page 367 and 368: THE M.UvUAS. 291whole of the Matamb
Page 369 and 370: TIIK t.om'\vt:>: .\xi> vaos. 2onfro
Page 371: ZAMBT("irK T>:T.ANT». 293immunity
Page 375 and 376: ADXronSTRATION OF MOZAMBIQUE. 299mu
Page 377 and 378: ClIAl'TER X.Z.iJN'ZIB.VE.Gi:uM.vxEa
Page 379 and 380: AN'ZlBVTv. 303by a conventional lin
Page 382 and 383: ZANZIBARAllEDSayid^ & ReefsExposed
Page 385 and 386: THE EUFIJI EIVEE. 805as they were f
Page 387 and 388: LAKE EIKWA. 807rlisplaced. The allu
Page 389 and 390: FLORA OF USAGAEA. 809between the re
Page 391 and 392: Ti£E m^\:eondes. 311com])lotes tli
Page 393 and 394: THE WAZARAMOS. 818Ihe village, had
Page 397 and 398: THE WAi^WAITELI. 815remarkable skil
Page 399 and 400: MIKIXDAXL—UXDI. 817or else their
Page 403 and 404: KILOA. 319penetrates some 12 miles
Page 405 and 406: 1)AE-ES-S-\L.\.VM. 821Ihe waters of
Page 407 and 408: SAADAXI. 328are taught various trad
Page 409 and 410: THE CAEAVAN TRADE. 325to forward go
Page 411 and 412: ISLAND OF MAFLV. 327two other islan
Page 413: ,g£S«=CS^T--'
Page 416 and 417: 330 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.About the
Page 418 and 419: 332 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.from twel
Page 420 and 421: 884 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the great
Page 422 and 423:
CHAPTER XI.KILIMA-NJARO, KENIA, MOM
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888 SOUTH AND EAST AFl!lf'A.Jolinsl
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—840 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.enormo
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—SI -2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.cstiu
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—844 SOUTH AND EAST APEICA."Solit
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3IGSOUTH AND EAST Al'EIOA.of from 4
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313 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.a ilistau
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850 Bnl Til AN'D KAST Al'UlOA.!i iK
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352 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.By taking
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864 SOUTH AND E^LST AFEIfA.The hipp
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356 . SOUTH AND EAST .Yl'RKW.Tin-:A
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868 SOTTTII AND EAST AmiCA.Each fam
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8G0SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Amongst tl
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I802 SOUTH AXD EAST Al-'RICA.usual
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3C4SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.iiiuuy otl
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3GGSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.At that ti
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8C8SOTTH AXD KAST AFRICA.Although i
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870 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.their res
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872 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.were fina
Page 462 and 463:
374 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.too confi
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876 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tion to t
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878 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.those la
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880 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the Katar
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382 SOUTH AND EAST APRICA.The fiira
Page 472 and 473:
884 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.uume of G
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—886 SOUTH AN'I» KAST AFRICA.for
Page 476 and 477:
38ftSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Ai-iibiii
Page 478 and 479:
yOOSOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.iistrich a
Page 480:
392 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being det
Page 484 and 485:
894 SOUTH ANTJ EAST AFRICA.The Soma
Page 486 and 487:
8'JGSOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.a conveni
Page 488 and 489:
;808 SOUTH AND JOAST AFltlCA.Hiiiit
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400 SOUTH AND EAST AFKK'A.wars whic
Page 493 and 494:
TILE EASTERN G.\LL.VS. 401nation of
Page 495 and 496:
TIIH KASTKRN G.VI.LAS. 403the chang
Page 497 and 498:
VITU LAND. 405claims and even threa
Page 499 and 500:
KISMAVU.—BARDERA. 407lion, lies n
Page 501 and 502:
MAGDOSHU. 409which the natives had
Page 503 and 504:
OPIA.—BEEGHEL.4Uhowever, the numh
Page 505:
STREET IN BERBERA.
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414 SOUTH AND KAST Al'lUCA.to nil t
Page 510 and 511:
—CHAPTER XIII.EAST ATEICAN ISL.VN
Page 512:
•121 POUTII ANn EAST AFRICA.Europ
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MADAGASCAR 425islanders, wlio were
Page 519 and 520:
SOKOTEA. 417Inhabitants.The island
Page 521 and 522:
SOKOTEA. 419Climate.— Prodicts.Th
Page 523 and 524:
MADAGASCAR. 421name of the inhabita
Page 525 and 526:
PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF MADAGASCAR. 42
Page 527 and 528:
EIVERS OF MADAGASCAI!. 429It has be
Page 529 and 530:
COAST or SIADAGASCAE. 481Thus the e
Page 532 and 533:
IIi
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-431 SOl'TII AND K.VST ArRK'A.rocks
Page 536 and 537:
430 SOUTn AND EAST AFRICA.related b
Page 538 and 539:
438 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.Several o
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440 SOUTU AXD EAST AFEICA.tbiitueut
Page 542 and 543:
442 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.themselve
Page 544 and 545:
444 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the west
Page 546 and 547:
4 t(j SOUTH AXD EAST AFRTf'A.iippoi
Page 548 and 549:
448 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.and tremb
Page 550 and 551:
450 SOUTH AND EAST ^VFEICA.oujoyiug
Page 552 and 553:
lJ-2SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.Sla\i:ky.
Page 554 and 555:
454 SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.were all
Page 556:
l.-.OSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Farther
Page 560 and 561:
45a SOUTH AN1» EAST AFRICAAiiiloro
Page 562:
;4C0SOUTH AND EAST Al'RICA.several
Page 566 and 567:
462 SOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.3,780 fee
Page 568 and 569:
464 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Hoforo th
Page 570 and 571:
—466 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.revenu
Page 572:
488 SOUrn AMI RAST AFUK'A.lures ill
Page 576 and 577:
—470 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.on thi
Page 578 and 579:
-...I,.s, ..n.l .s ,lu. „l...u bo
Page 580 and 581:
471 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.till' IfK
Page 582 and 583:
. .III7GAITENDIX.Concclhos or Circl
Page 584 and 585:
;47aAPrENorx.. . ;Mugisteriul Diatr
Page 586 and 587:
Damaraland480 Ari'KNDIX.RAILWAYS.To
Page 588:
'.\482 Al'l'EXKIX.Anm-KungwoAma-ICo
Page 591 and 592:
ArrEXDIX. 485POrrLATION (WHITE) ACC
Page 593 and 594:
APPENDIX. 487Bapedi, East Lydenburg
Page 595 and 596:
IIAPPENDIX.4S9Maeohikori]Mtanue Nor
Page 597 and 598:
'APPENDIX. 491Wakwehe \'Wakami niJe
Page 599 and 600:
'APPENDIX. 493CHTEF DIVISIONS OF TH
Page 601 and 602:
APPENDIX. 495the coast dialects, ca
Page 603 and 604:
INDEX.Abai River, 3S4Aba-zanzi, 205
Page 605 and 606:
INDEX. 499Dar-es-Salaam, 3.'0Darode
Page 607 and 608:
INDEX. 501Lu-fu River, 6Lui^ River,
Page 609 and 610:
IXDEX. 503Sanyati. 264Siio-Jo.se, 3
Page 616:
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