The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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868 SOTTTII AND EAST AmiCA.Each family lives quite apart, occupying a group of cabins amid a thicket ofbananas enclosed by tall hedges or stockades. Hence not much importance canbe attached to the hypothesis of M. Duveyrier, who suggests that the Wachagasof the Kilima-Njaro heights may possibly be a remnant of the conquering Jagawarriors who overran the Congo empire in the sixteenth century. The two peopleseem to have nothing in common beyond a fanciful resemblance between theirrespective national designations.Like the Wasambara monarch, the Wachaga chiefs enjoy absolutepower overtheir subjects. All the men are their slaves ; all children born within their domainare destined to serve them, and as soon as they have acquired sufficient strength theyarc employed for the " works of the king," such as constructing defensive linos andirrigating canals, tilling the land, building cabins, and manufacturing arms.matrimonial affairs are settled by his majesty, who puts the wedding ring on thebride's finger, selects her future lord, and fixes the nuptial day. Unions are farless premature than amongst most African peoples, and to this circumstance mayprobably to a great extent be attributed the fact that the Chaga race is one of thefinest in all Africa.The siilubrious climate, their regular agricultural habits andfrugal fare, combined with the excellent quality of the fruits and vegetables, alsotend to give to the Wachagas a decided superiority in health and physical strengthover all their neighbours. They live chiefly on a milk diet, and place pitchers ofmilk on the graves of the dead, whereas the people of the plains make offerings ofrice and palm wine to the departed.The Wachagas, who are skilled agriculturists, raise abundant crops of wheat,excellent pulse, various vegetables, and bananas of unique quality, rivalled inflavour only by those of the Seychelle Islands. On the other hand, they havedeveloped scarcely any industries, being ignorant even of the weaver's art. Butas blacksmiths they are unsurpassed, if even equalled, by any people in EastAfrica, manufacturing lances, darts, axes, variously ornamented shields of greatartistic merit. They also carry on a brisk trade with the seaboard populations,from whom they procure clothes and sundry Eui-opean wares. One of the prominentitems of the import trade is the so-called emhalla, a kind of alkaline earthfrom the southern plains, which they dissolve in water, using the solution as asubstitute for salt in their diet.Thanks to the absence of the tsetse fly throughout the whole of the Panganivalley, except on the banks of the Taveta, caravans are able to employ asses aspack-animals in the transport service between the coast and Chagaland. This isa point of such vital importance that it would necessarily secure the preference forthe Pangani route above all the southern highways, but for the fact that it is stillexposed to the frequent attacks of the Masai freebooters. According to the stillsurviving local traditions, the Portuguese formerly visited the interior by followingthe Pangani fluvial valley. Towards the beginning of the eighteenth centurysome Mohammedan pioneers also settled in the country, where they even foundeda royal dynasty ; but all traces of their social and religious influences have sincebeen completely effaced.All
THE WANTIKAS. 359North of the Pangani vallej' the Bantu race is represented chiefly bj- the"Wanyikas ("â-Nyika), or " People of the Plains," who form a group of about adozen distinct tribes. They number altogether perhaps about fifty thousand, andoccupy the whole region which slopes from the Mombaz coast gently upwards to aheight of some 2,000 feet in the interior. The Ki-]S'yika language differs little inFig. 110. Tbibes North of the Panoaxi.Scale 1 : 6,000,000./:-*J if"\o V
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*~^J' »4V4-iu,J^MrM'*»(/>?'^* ;(l
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-fftv
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THE EARTH AND ITSINHABITANTSTHEUNIV
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^1 \r. ^\CONTENTS.CHAP. ""=I. AxOOL
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.IJST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LIST OF ILLU
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THE UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY.SOUTH AND E
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—axCtOlan uplands. 3and separated
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ANGOLAN UPLANDS. 5in height, the hi
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AXGOLAN EIYEES. 7their sources beyo
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ANGOLAN EIVEES. 9tall reeds {arundo
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ANGOLAN CLIiLVTE. 11it freezes, as
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—ANGOLAN FLOEA. 13terminates abru
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ANGOLAN FAUNA. 15the coast, althoug
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—INHABITANTS OF ANGOLA. 17success
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IXnABITAXTS OF AXGOLA. 19practices.
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THE BUXDAS. 21lliey began to cxterm
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THE BU>rDAS. 23the deatli Las not b
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THE SOUrn ANGOLAN TEIBES. 25ITcauti
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;THE SOUTH ANGOLAN TRIBES. 27are co
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—THE PEETO? AND EUEOPEAXSi, 29Eur
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THE SLAVE TEADE. 31tionised during
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—SAN-SALVADOE. 33priests ordained
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intervening houses have to be clear
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LOAN!) A. 37known, altliougli forme
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lo-\:n"da. . 39{cyprwa moticta), us
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MTJXIMA. 41the bar at its mouth, th
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AMBACA. 43was able to raise eight t
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PUNGO-NDONGO. 45almost complete dep
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BIHfi. 47as the region of the gi'ea
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BEXGUELLA. 49Velha, or "Old Benguel
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MOSSAMEDES. 51Mossamedes with their
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nUMrATA. 53facing the perils of for
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EESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 55tlie reckles
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BESOUECES OF ANGOLA. 67failure. Eve
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IADMINISTRATION OF ANGOLA. 59blacks
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GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA. 61disaj^p
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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SOUTH-WEST AFE
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THE SWAKOP AXD KnOSIB EIVEES.G5rese
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THE OVA-MBOS. 67vallej- has its ham
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THE HEREEOS. 69A few scattered grou
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THE HEEEROS, 71land." The total num
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THE nn,L DA^L\EAS AXD NAMAQUAS. 73i
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WAL\aSCn BAY. 75Topography.Hitherto
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ANGEA PEQUENA. 77something more tli
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SOUTH iU7EICA ^VXD ALGERIA COXTEAST
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^M ihO Ha:
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—82 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.isolate
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84 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.In the Gre
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80 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tlio Limpo
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88 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.only on ra
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90 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.Throuj^hou
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92 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.The Kei, t
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94 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.lJi;].A(;(
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THE LIMPOPO. 95basin, which has now
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CLIMATE OP 80UTU AFRICA. 97remarkab
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CLIJkLlTE OF SOUTH AFEICA. 99Ziilul
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FLOE A OF SOUTH AFEICA. 101husbandi
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FLORA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 103the curre
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FAUXA OF SOUTH AFRICA. 105consistin
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IXHABITANTS OF SOUTH AFEICA. 107hav
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TIIK BUSHMEN. 109Professor Flower h
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THE BUSHMEN.IllBushmen represent a
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THE nOTTEXTOTS.listelligible jargon
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THE HOTTENTOTS 115or their sojourn
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CAPE COLONY. 117Hottentots, are rea
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THEDufrkerl"^Slan^fCopPf^9^1Simon's
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HISTOEIC EETEOSrECT.ll'Jwas gradual
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mSTOEIC EETEOSPECT. 121ceased to fo
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TUE KAFIE W.\IIS. 123llicir Kafir n
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CAPE TOWN. 125they might succeed by
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^^:. . ;âmî:'M^^'^''^^.L
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128 POUTII ANT> EAF^T AFRirA.Amid t
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mnpnrxii axp kast afiîc.v.viciuity
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182 SOUTH AND EAST AFRTOA.miles to
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131 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.quarter,
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;186 SOUTH AND EAST ^VPRICA.little
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138 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEICA.and in c
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140 SOUTU AND KA.î' iU'lUCA.with r
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142 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being lim
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144 SOUTH AKD EAST AFRTPA.with hoai
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146 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.aided by
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148 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.stronges
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160 SOUTH AND EAST AFBICA.was nn im
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152 POUTH AND EAST AFRICA.ground no
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THE KDIBEELEY MINES. 158quence ^vas
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KDIBEELEY—GEIQUA TOWN. 155connect
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BECHTJANALAND. 157the vallej' of th
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THE BECHUANAS. 159beneficial shower
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KUEXJMAN—YEIJBUEG. 161known as st
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SHOSHONG. 163The Ba-^raugwato natio
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THE BA-K.VLAIIAKI. 165century the i
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iBASUTOLAND. 167After founding the
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BASUTOLAND. 169bined with the valou
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KAFIELAND. 171accept concessions of
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"- j:,..,-.-*'.î;"/,c&/>^>^JeKAFIR
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174 ROUin ANP EAST AFKICA.TiiKAma-K
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171! SOrXII AND EAST AFRICA.rnNDOI.
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CHAPTER V.KATAL AND ZULULAND.TTE "C
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180 ÔrXII AXl) KAST AI'RHA.the cxc
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1B2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.mimcrical
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1«1 SOUTH AND EAST iU-"lUCA." ovcr
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—IHGSOUTH AND lOAST ArRICA.of Mar
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;188 SULTII AND KA!>T AFltlCA.Natal
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190 SOUTH AND EAST AFIÎCA.read is
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iti2porrn .\xd east Africa.scene of
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—191 SOUTH AND EAST AFIUCA.acquii
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—CIIArXEH VI.THK DITTCH RRPUHLICS
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193 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.hidden by
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200 SOUTH AND HAST AFRICA.between C
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202 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.\upper co
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201 SOLITII AMI i:\ST AFRICA.Accord
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;206 SOUTH AM) KAST Al'ltlCA.appoin
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TR.VXSVAAL. 207family, and are occa
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TIL:i2CSVAAL. 209been driven, and t
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TR.VN'SViV.VL. 211Jlr. W. n. Pennin
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TEANSVAAL. 218spot is shown the " "
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TRAXSYAAL. 215raad and of the Presi
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DELAGOA BAY. 217LouKEX(ô Marques.T
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DELAGOA BAY. 219age. The neighbouri
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CHAPTER YII.rORTUGTJESE POSSESSIONS
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GAZALAND. 223with its extremely pre
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FLOrtA OF r,AZ.y.AXD. 225veers roun
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4r^' iA.'fgijF;i;--^-'S
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228 SOUTH AXI) I'.AST AFEICA.the ki
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230 SOUTH AND E.VST AFEIC.V.bushmen
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—282 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.brough
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•234 SOUTH AMI llAST AFKICA.In no
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230 SOUTU AND EAST AFKKA.continent.
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—238 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Some t
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210 ?OUTir AXP EAST AFRICA.Zambosc.
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242 SOUTU AND EAST AFEICA.of volcau
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2USOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the columns
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—246 SOUTH ANT) EAST AFRICA.trave
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248 SOTTTII AST) EAST AFRICA.name o
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—260 SOUTH AND EA8T AFinCA.< )ii
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252 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.TiiKZamhe
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251 SOUTU AND EAST AFIUCA.Climate o
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258 SOUTH AND KAsT AFIUCA.K;ifuk\\(
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THE AMliuKl.L.V^ 257Imiauixams or t
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TIIK l!A-T,UXIiA^;. 259The piiiiiil
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THE BAROTSK K^[^]^.K. 261liolub vis
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BABOTi^KLAND. 203they arrange tlic
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^rATEBELELAXD. 265not so much a nat
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Tirn NrA>:nnxA?;. 267remains in his
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TOPOGEAl'UV OF -XLVTEliELELAND. 269
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TOrOGRAl'UY OF MAri'.l'.KI.KLAND. 2
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THE EA>;TEEX MAKOLOLOS. 273be regar
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KAEON'GA—BANDAAVE.27i" can admire
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.LAXTVPK. 277native chiefs have als
Page 353 and 354:
MOPEA-M.VZAEO. 279Toi'i)(.l{AIMIVOF
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CHAPTER IX.MOZ.UIBIQUE.FnOM TIIK Z.
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THE ^:A^[ULI mountains 283supposed
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LAKE XYASSA. 285of the Zambese delt
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THE MOZAMBIUUE CURHEXT. 287grounded
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CLIMATE OF MOZAMBIQUE. 289off the c
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THE M.UvUAS. 291whole of the Matamb
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TIIK t.om'\vt:>: .\xi> vaos. 2onfro
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ZAMBT("irK T>:T.ANT». 293immunity
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Mii/.A:\[r.I(iUK ISLWD. 297b3gaiit)
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ADXronSTRATION OF MOZAMBIQUE. 299mu
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ClIAl'TER X.Z.iJN'ZIB.VE.Gi:uM.vxEa
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AN'ZlBVTv. 303by a conventional lin
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ZANZIBARAllEDSayid^ & ReefsExposed
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THE EUFIJI EIVEE. 805as they were f
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LAKE EIKWA. 807rlisplaced. The allu
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FLORA OF USAGAEA. 809between the re
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Ti£E m^\:eondes. 311com])lotes tli
Page 393 and 394: THE WAZARAMOS. 818Ihe village, had
Page 397 and 398: THE WAi^WAITELI. 815remarkable skil
Page 399 and 400: MIKIXDAXL—UXDI. 817or else their
Page 403 and 404: KILOA. 319penetrates some 12 miles
Page 405 and 406: 1)AE-ES-S-\L.\.VM. 821Ihe waters of
Page 407 and 408: SAADAXI. 328are taught various trad
Page 409 and 410: THE CAEAVAN TRADE. 325to forward go
Page 411 and 412: ISLAND OF MAFLV. 327two other islan
Page 413: ,g£S«=CS^T--'
Page 416 and 417: 330 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.About the
Page 418 and 419: 332 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.from twel
Page 420 and 421: 884 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the great
Page 422 and 423: CHAPTER XI.KILIMA-NJARO, KENIA, MOM
Page 424 and 425: 888 SOUTH AND EAST AFl!lf'A.Jolinsl
Page 426 and 427: —840 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.enormo
Page 428 and 429: —SI -2SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.cstiu
Page 430 and 431: —844 SOUTH AND EAST APEICA."Solit
Page 432 and 433: 3IGSOUTH AND EAST Al'EIOA.of from 4
Page 434 and 435: 313 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.a ilistau
Page 436 and 437: 850 Bnl Til AN'D KAST Al'UlOA.!i iK
Page 438 and 439: 352 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.By taking
Page 440 and 441: 864 SOUTH AND E^LST AFEIfA.The hipp
Page 442 and 443: 356 . SOUTH AND EAST .Yl'RKW.Tin-:A
Page 446 and 447: 8G0SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Amongst tl
Page 448 and 449: I802 SOUTH AXD EAST Al-'RICA.usual
Page 450 and 451: 3C4SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.iiiuuy otl
Page 452 and 453: 3GGSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.At that ti
Page 454: 8C8SOTTH AXD KAST AFRICA.Although i
Page 458 and 459: 870 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.their res
Page 460 and 461: 872 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.were fina
Page 462 and 463: 374 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.too confi
Page 464 and 465: 876 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.tion to t
Page 466 and 467: 878 SOUTH .VXD EAST AFRICA.those la
Page 468 and 469: 880 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the Katar
Page 470 and 471: 382 SOUTH AND EAST APRICA.The fiira
Page 472 and 473: 884 SOUTH AXD EAST AFRICA.uume of G
Page 474 and 475: —886 SOUTH AN'I» KAST AFRICA.for
Page 476 and 477: 38ftSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Ai-iibiii
Page 478 and 479: yOOSOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.iistrich a
Page 480: 392 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.being det
Page 484 and 485: 894 SOUTH ANTJ EAST AFRICA.The Soma
Page 486 and 487: 8'JGSOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.a conveni
Page 488 and 489: ;808 SOUTH AND JOAST AFltlCA.Hiiiit
Page 490 and 491: 400 SOUTH AND EAST AFKK'A.wars whic
Page 493 and 494: TILE EASTERN G.\LL.VS. 401nation of
Page 495 and 496:
TIIH KASTKRN G.VI.LAS. 403the chang
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VITU LAND. 405claims and even threa
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KISMAVU.—BARDERA. 407lion, lies n
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MAGDOSHU. 409which the natives had
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OPIA.—BEEGHEL.4Uhowever, the numh
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STREET IN BERBERA.
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414 SOUTH AND KAST Al'lUCA.to nil t
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—CHAPTER XIII.EAST ATEICAN ISL.VN
Page 512:
•121 POUTII ANn EAST AFRICA.Europ
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MADAGASCAR 425islanders, wlio were
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SOKOTEA. 417Inhabitants.The island
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SOKOTEA. 419Climate.— Prodicts.Th
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MADAGASCAR. 421name of the inhabita
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PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF MADAGASCAR. 42
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EIVERS OF MADAGASCAI!. 429It has be
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COAST or SIADAGASCAE. 481Thus the e
Page 532 and 533:
IIi
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-431 SOl'TII AND K.VST ArRK'A.rocks
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430 SOUTn AND EAST AFRICA.related b
Page 538 and 539:
438 SOUTH AND EAST AFEICA.Several o
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440 SOUTU AXD EAST AFEICA.tbiitueut
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442 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.themselve
Page 544 and 545:
444 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.the west
Page 546 and 547:
4 t(j SOUTH AXD EAST AFRTf'A.iippoi
Page 548 and 549:
448 SOUTH AND KAST AFRICA.and tremb
Page 550 and 551:
450 SOUTH AND EAST ^VFEICA.oujoyiug
Page 552 and 553:
lJ-2SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.Sla\i:ky.
Page 554 and 555:
454 SOUTU AND EAST AFRICA.were all
Page 556:
l.-.OSOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Farther
Page 560 and 561:
45a SOUTH AN1» EAST AFRICAAiiiloro
Page 562:
;4C0SOUTH AND EAST Al'RICA.several
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462 SOUTH AM) EAST AFRICA.3,780 fee
Page 568 and 569:
464 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.Hoforo th
Page 570 and 571:
—466 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.revenu
Page 572:
488 SOUrn AMI RAST AFUK'A.lures ill
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—470 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.on thi
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-...I,.s, ..n.l .s ,lu. „l...u bo
Page 580 and 581:
471 SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA.till' IfK
Page 582 and 583:
. .III7GAITENDIX.Concclhos or Circl
Page 584 and 585:
;47aAPrENorx.. . ;Mugisteriul Diatr
Page 586 and 587:
Damaraland480 Ari'KNDIX.RAILWAYS.To
Page 588:
'.\482 Al'l'EXKIX.Anm-KungwoAma-ICo
Page 591 and 592:
ArrEXDIX. 485POrrLATION (WHITE) ACC
Page 593 and 594:
APPENDIX. 487Bapedi, East Lydenburg
Page 595 and 596:
IIAPPENDIX.4S9Maeohikori]Mtanue Nor
Page 597 and 598:
'APPENDIX. 491Wakwehe \'Wakami niJe
Page 599 and 600:
'APPENDIX. 493CHTEF DIVISIONS OF TH
Page 601 and 602:
APPENDIX. 495the coast dialects, ca
Page 603 and 604:
INDEX.Abai River, 3S4Aba-zanzi, 205
Page 605 and 606:
INDEX. 499Dar-es-Salaam, 3.'0Darode
Page 607 and 608:
INDEX. 501Lu-fu River, 6Lui^ River,
Page 609 and 610:
IXDEX. 503Sanyati. 264Siio-Jo.se, 3
Page 616:
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