The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

;800 SOITII AMI i;.\ST AITJCA.Ices take cliiirfjfc of (lie linancos, public works, and sanitary matters. Theliioviiice is unrpprosentcd by any delegates to these boards and committeesbut it elects two deputies, who liave seats in the Lisbon Cortes.The J[ozanibi(juc budget, which shows a heavy ycarlj' deficit, amounting in1S8G to nearly £'•") 1,000, is fixed by the central Government. The revenue isderived chiefly from the customs and a poll-ta.x of sevenshillings levied on everyhead cf native families. Public in.stiuction is but slightly developed in theprovince, the few schools for both sexes sjiowiii;;' a total atlendance of less thanfour hundred pupils.The bishopric of Mo/anil)i(jue, which is still subordinate to the archiepiscopalsee of Goa, enjoys scarcely any eeclesiaslical jurisdiction cxcejit over the Portugueseand men of eolour connected witli llie trading establi.shments. None of thenumerous tribes of the intciior have yet accepted the Roman Catholic form off'hristianity, although a first Jesuit mission was sent from Goa so early as lotiO tothe " Jlonomotapa " empire for the purpose of " enlightening " the unbelievers,"as black of soul as of body ;" and although subsequently all the military expeditionsw ( ic accompanied by missionaries who were charged " to reduce the indigenouspopulations by their teachings as the militar}^ reduced them by the sword," thewranglings of the Jesuits and Dominican friars, the spiritual administration ofpriests banished from the home country for civil crimes or for simony, and aboveall, the traffic in slaves, both pagan and Christian, resulted in the disapjiearance ofmost of the parishes founded at anj- distance from the settlements on the coast.The churches crumbled to ruins, and in many places these melanchol}' remains ofmisapplied zeal are still seen, surrounded by the superstitious respect or awe of theaborigines.Even so recently as 1862 the slave-trade was still activelj' carried on betweenMozambique and the island of Cuba, but in that year the traffic was at lastabolished in the great Spanish West Indian colony. The slaves imported fromthe African seaboard to Madagascar had also become so numerous that they werelong familiarly known to the Sakalava and ITova inhabitants of that island bj- thename of " Mozambiqnes." After a long jieriod of gradual transition the last tracesof legal slavery finally disappeared in the year 1878 throughout the Portuguesepossessions.The province of Mozambique is divided into districts, each administered by agovernor, who delegates his authorit)' in the villages or in the tribes either to thenative cliiefs or else to capi/acs mots, or "captains-major." In the Appendix isgiven a list of the ten districts into which the province is at present divided,together with th(^ names, and wh.ere possible the populalicjii, of their chief towns.