Dissertation - FTP Directory Listing - University of Surrey

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4.2.2. A test structure results:The A test structures were characterised first as they are the control structures against which noisereduction methods will be judged. Figure 4.4 shows the photon transfer curve for test structure A1,the response appears fairly linear with no anomalous points apparent. The gradient of the curveyields a value for the conversion gain of K = 2.43 DN/e-.4000035000temp.var - dark.temp.var [DN]3000025000200001500010000500000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000uy - uy. darkFigure 4.4 Photon transfer curve for test structure A1The next test investigates the linearity of the test structures response, Figure 4.5 plots the sensorssignal in DN against increasing light intensity on a log log scale. As can be seen the response is verylinear with a gradient of 0.96 before the graph begins to level off as it approaches saturation.Unfortunately the sensor was not tested up to full saturation so the maximum full well capacitycannot be calculated but the linear full well capacity (the maximum capacity of a pixel beforeresponse becomes nonlinear) can be calculated to be 21,600 DN or approximately 8,900 e-. Thegradient of the plot on linear scales gives a quantum efficiency of approximately 34% at awavelength of 546nm.44
10000010000uy - uy. dark [DN]10001001010 100 1000 10000 100000Photons [~p]Figure 4.5 Light response of test structure A1100Number of pixels1014000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000Pixel value [DN]Figure 4.6 Histogram of dark frame pixel values for test structure A1The final test was to look at the noise of the test structure A1, Figure 4.6 shows a histogram of pixelvalues for a frame taken in the dark for test structure A1. As can be seen there is quite a wide rangeof pixel values indicating a large amount of fixed pattern noise. The standard deviation of pixel45
Page 2 and 3: ABSTRACTThe characterisation of fou
Page 4 and 5: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSAPSCCDCDSCMOSD
Page 6 and 7: 2.8.3. FORTIS .....................
Page 8 and 9: CHAPTER 4Figure 4.1 LED uniformity
Page 10 and 11: Over the next 30 years CCDs improve
Page 12 and 13: There are 3 main types of semicondu
Page 14 and 15: 2.2. Photodetectors2.2.1. The Photo
Page 16 and 17: V G < V FB V FB < V G < V T V T < V
Page 18 and 19: Figure 2.5 Cross sectional diagram
Page 20 and 21: 2.3.1.2. Interline transferIn an in
Page 22 and 23: Figure 2.9 NMOS transistor operatin
Page 24 and 25: in three main categories of CMOS se
Page 26 and 27: transistor M SEL is turned on and t
Page 28 and 29: qK = ×cA SF(2.5)Where:K = conversi
Page 30 and 31: 2.4.6. Signal to noise ratioSNR is
Page 32 and 33: When h/ ≫ this equation reduces
Page 34 and 35: The gain functions in this relation
Page 36 and 37: Where: σ (DNTOTAL) is the total no
Page 38 and 39: The Aspect system is a complete tes
Page 40 and 41: The pixel architecture (Figure 2. .
Page 42 and 43: eset, hence reducing kT/C noise. In
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2.28 Readout structure of TE
Page 46 and 47: 3.2. Sensor characterisationThe Asp
Page 48 and 49: Once everything was setup and the c
Page 50 and 51: From this it can be seen that for e
Page 54 and 55: values is 493.7 DN. The noise of te
Page 56 and 57: 20,100e-. Finally Figure 4.9 shows
Page 58 and 59: This test structure demonstrates go
Page 60 and 61: 4.2.5. D test structure results:Fig
Page 62 and 63: Of the two variants it appears D2 p
Page 64 and 65: 100Number of pixels1012000 2200 240
Page 66 and 67: As can be seen the plot exhibits so
Page 68 and 69: 100000uy - uy. dark [DN]10000100010
Page 70 and 71: the halogen lamp had to tested with
Page 72 and 73: have an effect it is not great enou
Page 74 and 75: 10000010000uy - uy. dark [DN]100010
Page 76 and 77: temp.var - dark.temp.var [DN]500004
Page 78 and 79: effect of these changes can’t be
Page 80 and 81: 100Number of pixels1015350 5400 545
Page 82 and 83: 10000Linearityuy - uy. dark [DN]100
Page 84 and 85: lower than the standard diode. The
Page 86 and 87: 6. REFERENCES1. http://cerncourier.
Page 88 and 89: 7. APPENDICES7.1. Appendix A: EMVA
Page 90 and 91: 7.2. Appendix B: Aspect quick start
Page 92 and 93: iii)iv)Once you have followed all o
Page 94 and 95: 5. Running idVIEWi) Before running
Page 96 and 97: a) Taking Measurements with only on
Page 98 and 99: a) The EMVA Standard takes into con
Page 100 and 101: 7.3. Appendix C: Per pixel analysis
Page 102 and 103:
Plot the gradient of the PTC by dra
Page 104:
The final tab which both the integr
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Dissertation - FTP Directory Listing - University of Surrey

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