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36.6Adjustable Frequency DrivesCFX9000 Drives363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636One-Line Diagram for Harmonic Analysis____Volts____VoltsUtility SideTransformer____Volts____kVA____Isc____ImpedanceCustomerGenerator____Volts____kVA____Isc____ImpedanceTerms●PCC (Point of CommonCoupling) is defined as theelectrical connecting pointbetween the utility andmultiple customers per thespecifications in IEEE 519●POA (Point of Analysis)is defined as where theharmonic calculationsare takenAn oscilloscope can makeall measurements at thePCC or POA to do an on-siteharmonic evaluation.PCCUtility SideGeneratorSet____Volts____VoltsCustomerTransformer____Volts____kVA____Isc____ImpedanceHarmonic ReductionMethods to Meet IEEE 5191. Line ReactorA line reactor is a three-phaseseries inductance on the lineside of an AFD. If a linereactor is applied on allAFDs, it is possible to meetIEEE guidelines where10–25% of system loadsare AFDs, depending on thestiffness of the line and thevalue of line reactance. Linereactors are available invarious values of percentimpedance, most typically1–1.5%, 3% and 5%.Note: The 9000X drives comestandard with a nominal 3% inputimpedance.)Source ASource BACMotorACMotorACMotorACMotorACMotorACMotorTotal Linear Motor Loads ____AMPSTotal Non-Linear Drive Loads ____AMPSThe best way to estimate AFD harmonic contribution to an electrical system is to perform a harmonic analysis based on known systemcharacteristics. The one line in this figure would provide the data to complete the calculations.Line ReactorAdvantages● Low cost● Can provide moderatereduction in voltage andcurrent harmonics● Available in various valuesof percent impedance● Provides increased inputprotection for AFD and itssemiconductors from linetransientsAFDMotorDisadvantages● May not reduce harmoniclevels to below IEEE 519-1992 guidelines● Voltage drop due to IR lossV6-T36-162Volume 6—Solid-State Motor Control CA08100007E—April 2011 www.eaton.com
Adjustable Frequency DrivesCFX9000 Drives36.62. Passive FiltersTuned harmonic filtersinvolve the series connectionof an inductor with the shuntconnection of an inductor andcapacitor to form a lowimpedance path to ground forCFX9000 Drive with Integrated Passive Filter123Three-PhaseInputTunedHarmonicCapacitorShuntFusingTunedShuntReactorAC InputReactora specific range offrequencies. This pathpresents an alternative to theflow of harmonic currentsback into the utility source.6-Pulse DiodeBridge RectifierConverter SectionL1AL2AL3ABusCapacitors100 hp CFX9000 480V Drive with Integrated Passive FilterCurrentAmps2001000–100–200TimeDynamic BrakingTransistorInverter Section(+) DC(–) DCOutput TransistorsIGBT SectionACMotor100 hp CFX9000 480V Drive with Integrated Passive FilterPassive FilterCurrent harmonicsI 1 = 100% I 11 = 0.24% I 19 = 0.50%I 5 = 3.76% I 13 = 1.1% I 23 = 0.55%I 7 = 1.65% I 17 = 0.80% I 25 = 0.80%Power = 100 hpH c = 8.6 AmpsAdvantages●Low cost for smallerhorsepower applications● More effective harmonicattenuation than 12-pulsedrives● Provides increased inputprotection for AFD fromline transientsDisadvantages●Capacitors age over time,unlike magnetics● Not as effective as18-pulse drives●Challenging to retrofit withbypass applications363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636Volume 6—Solid-State Motor Control CA08100007E—April 2011 www.eaton.comV6-T36-163
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