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36.7Adjustable Frequency DrivesCPX9000 Drives3636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636362. 12-Pulse ConvertersA 12-pulse converterincorporates two separateAFD input semiconductorbridges, which are fed from30º phase shifted powersources with identicalimpedance. The sources maybe two isolationtransformers, where one is adelta/wye design (whichprovides the phase shift) andthe second a delta/deltadesign (which does not phaseshift). The 12-pulsearrangement allows theharmonics from the firstconverter to cancel theharmonics of the second.Up to approximately 85%reduction of harmonic currentand voltage distortion maybe achieved (over standardBasic 12-Pulse Rectifier with “Phase Shifting” Transformer12-PulsePhase-ShiftingTransformerL1AL2AL3AL1BL2BL3B500 hp 480V Drive with 12-Pulse RectifierCurrentAmps10005000–500–10000.126 0.13225 0.1385Time in Seconds12-Pulse DiodeBridge RectifierConverter Section12-Pulse DiodeBridge RectifierConverter Section0.14475 0.151BusCapacitorssix-pulse converter). Thispermits a facility to use alarger percentage of AFDloads under IEEE 519-1992guidelines than allowableusing line reactors or DCchokes. A harmonic analysisis required to guaranteecompliance with guidelines.Dynamic BrakingTransistorInverter Section(+) DC(-) DCOutput TransistorsIGBT SectionACMotor500 hp 480V Drive with 12-Pulse Rectifier12-Pulse CircuitCurrent harmonicsI 1 = 100% I 11 = 4.19% I 19 = 0.06%I 5 = 1.25% I 13 = 2.95% I 23 = 0.87%I 7 = 0.48% I 17 = 0.21% I 25 = 0.73%Power = 500 hpH c = 66.2 ampsAdvantages● Moderate cost, althoughsignificantly more thanreactors or chokes● Substantial reduction (upto approx. 85%) in voltageand current harmonics● Provides increased inputprotection for AFD and itssemiconductors from linetransientsDisadvantages● Impedance matching ofphase shifted sources iscritical to performance● Transformers often requireseparate mounting orlarger AFD enclosures● May not reducedistribution harmoniclevels to belowIEEE 519-1992 guidelines● Cannot retrofit for mostAFDsV6-T36-196Volume 6—Solid-State Motor Control CA08100007E—April 2011 www.eaton.com
Adjustable Frequency DrivesCPX9000 Drives36.73. Clean Power DrivesWhen the total load is of nonlinear,the greatest harmonicmitigation is required. Underthese conditions, the currentsdrawn from the supply needto be sinusoidal and “clean”such that systeminterference and additionallosses are negligible. Eaton’sCPX9000 clean powerdrive uses a phase-shiftingauto-transformer withdelta-connected winding.Three of the output phasesare advanced and three areretarded. The remaining threephases of this nine-phasesupply are in phase with theincoming line. This results innine separate phases. In thistype of configuration, thetotal required kVA rating ofthe transformer is only 48%of a drive rate isolationtransformer. A traditionalisolated transformer system,with multipulse windings,would require the full kVABasic 18-Pulse Rectifier with Phase Shifting Transformer1233-PhaseAC Input8C796N500 hp 480V Drive with 18-Pulse RectifiersCurrentAmps10005000–500A1518-Pulse SCRBridge RectifierConverter Section218-PulsePhase-ShiftingAuto-Transformer1233 454 6789–10000.126 0.13225 0.1385Time in SecondsDiode Rectifiers0.14475 0.151rating to be supported, whichis more common in an MVstep-down transformer.The integrated 18-pulseclean power drive, withnear sine wave input currentand low harmonics will meetthe requirements of IEEE519-1992 under all practicaloperating conditions. Thecomparisons with six-pulseand 12-pulse systemsare shown, see PagesV6-T36-194, V6-T36-196and V6-T36-197.BusCapacitorsPre-chargeCircuitDynamic BrakingTransistorInverter Section(+) DC(–) DCOutput TransistorsIGBT Section500 hp 480V Drive with 18-Pulse Rectifiers18-Pulse Clean PowerCurrent harmonicsI 1 = 100% I 11 = 0.24% I 19 = 1.00%I 5 = 0.16% I 13 = 0.10% I 23 = 0.01%I 7 = 0.03% I 17 = 0.86% I 25 = 0.01%Power = 500 hpH c = 24 ampsAdvantages● Virtually guaranteescompliance withIEEE 519-1992●Provides increased inputprotection for AFD and itssemiconductors from linetransients●Up to four times theharmonic reduction of12-pulse methods●Smaller transformer thanisolation transformer usedin 12-pulse converterACMotorDisadvantages● Not as cost-effective assome other methods atsmall (
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