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36.6Adjustable Frequency DrivesCFX9000 Drives3636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363636363. 12-Pulse ConvertersA 12-pulse converterincorporates two separateAFD input semiconductorbridges, which are fed from30º phase shifted powersources with identicalimpedance. The sources maybe two isolationtransformers, where one is adelta/wye design (whichprovides the phase shift) andthe second a delta/deltadesign (which does not phaseshift). The 12-pulsearrangement allows theharmonics from the firstconverter to cancel theharmonics of the second. Upto approximately 85%reduction of harmonic currentand voltage distortion may beachieved (over standardBasic 12-Pulse Rectifier with “Phase Shifting” Transformer12-PulsePhase-ShiftingTransformerL1AL2AL3AL1BL2BL3B100 hp 480V Drive with 12-Pulse RectifierCurrentAmps2001000–100–200Time12-Pulse DiodeBridge RectifierConverter Section12-Pulse DiodeBridge RectifierConverter SectionBusCapacitorssix-pulse converter). Thispermits a facility to use alarger percentage of AFDloads under IEEE 519-1992guidelines than allowableusing line reactors or DCchokes. A harmonic analysisis required to guaranteecompliance with guidelines.Dynamic BrakingTransistorInverter Section(+) DC(-) DCOutput TransistorsIGBT SectionACMotor100 hp 480V Drive with 12-Pulse Rectifier12-Pulse CircuitCurrent harmonicsI 1 = 100% I 11 = 4.19% I 19 = 0.06%I 5 = 1.25% I 13 = 2.95% I 23 = 0.87%I 7 = 0.48% I 17 = 0.21% I 25 = 0.73%Power = 100 hpH c = 20 AmpsAdvantages● Reasonable cost, althoughsignificantly more thanreactors or chokes● Substantial reduction (up toapprox. 85%) in voltageand current harmonics● Provides increased inputprotection for AFD and itssemiconductors from linetransientsDisadvantages● Impedance matching ofphase shifted sources iscritical to performance● Transformers often requireseparate mounting orlarger AFD enclosures● May not reducedistribution harmoniclevels to below IEEE 519-1992 guidelines● Cannot retrofit for mostAFDsV6-T36-164Volume 6—Solid-State Motor Control CA08100007E—April 2011 www.eaton.com
Adjustable Frequency DrivesCFX9000 Drives36.64. Clean Power DrivesWhen the total load iscomprised of non-linear loadsuch as drives, and the ratiois l sc /I L , the greatestharmonic mitigation isrequired. Under theseconditions, the currentsdrawn from the supply needto be sinusoidal and “clean”such that systeminterference and additionallosses are negligible. Eaton’sCPX9000 clean powerdrive uses a phase-shiftingauto-transformer withdelta-connected winding thatcarries only the ampere-turnscaused by the difference inload currents. This results innine separate phases. In thistype of configuration, theBasic 18-Pulse Rectifier with Phase-Shifting Auto-Transformer1233-PhaseAC Input8C796A1N100 hp 480V Drive with 18-Pulse RectifiersCurrentAmps2001000–100–200518-Pulse SCRBridge RectifierConverter Section218-PulsePhase-ShiftingAuto-Transformer1233 454 6Time789Diode RectifiersBusCapacitorstotal kVA rating of thetransformer magnetic systemwas only 48% that of themotor load. A traditionalisolated transformer system,with multipulse windings,would require the full kVArating to be supported, whichis more common in an MVstep-down transformer.Pre-chargeCircuit(–) DCDynamic BrakingTransistorInverter Section(+) DCThe integrated 18-pulse cleanpower drive, with near sinewave input current and lowharmonics will meet therequirements of IEEE 519-1992 under all practicaloperating conditions. Thecomparisons with six-pulsepassive filter and 12-pulsesystems are shown on PagesV6-T36-161, V6-T36-163 andbelow.Output TransistorsIGBT Section100 hp 480V Drive with 18-Pulse Rectifiers18-Pulse Clean PowerCurrent harmonicsI 1 = 100% I 11 = 0.24% I 19 = 1.00%I 5 = 0.16% I 13 = 0.10% I 23 = 0.01%I 7 = 0.03% I 17 = 0.86% I 25 = 0.01%Power = 100 hpH c = 5.9 AmpsAdvantages●Effectively guaranteescompliance with IEEE 519-1992● Provides increased inputprotection for AFD and itssemiconductors from linetransients●Up to 4 times the harmonicreduction of 12-pulsemethods●Smaller transformer thanisolation transformer usedin 12-pulse converter●Minimizes ripple current incapacitors, doublingexpected capacitor lifeACMotorDisadvantages●Not as cost effective assome other methods atsmall (
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