The Impact of Mungbean Research in China

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trast, annual per capita mungbean consumption inChina fluctuated between 0.3 and 0.5 kg during theperiod 1986–2000. 3 The share of mungbean consumptionin total pulse consumption has risensteadily, from 14.2% in 1986 to 28% in 2000.3.53.0Consumption (kg/ capita/ year)2.52.01.5Average annual growth pulses = - 5.8%1.00.5Average annual growth mungbeans = 0.7%0.01986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000Total Pulses Mungbean Pulses trend Mungbean trendFig. 6. Annual per capita mungbean and pulses consumption, 1986–2000Source: Total pulses consumption data from FAOSTAT (2001), mungbean consumption see footnote 3.3 Since consumption data for mungbean is not available, it has been estimated as production plus imports, minus exports, seeduse (22.65 kg/ha), and waste (15% of production), under the assumption of zero stock.11
6 International mungbean tradeChina’s foreign trade has been expanding rapidly.Foreign trade has been playing an importantrole in the national economy since reform startedin the late 1970s. As a result, China’s trade ratio toGDP ratio increased from 13% in 1980 to 36% in1997. However, China’s agricultural trade has grownslowly, especially in comparison with its boomingmerchandise trade. During the same period, thetotal value of China’s agricultural trade increasedfrom 9.29 billion US$ to 25.15 billion US$, with anannual growth rate of 6.0% (Huang et al. 2000).The country’s goal of food self-sufficiency has ledpolicymakers to restrain imports of land-intensivegrains, the production of which has a high opportunitycost in land-scarce China (Gale 2002).The total value of mungbean exports has risenover the years, with an average annual growth rateof 5.8%. Over the same period, the value of agriculturalexports has grown at a rate of 3.0% (Table 3).Over the years the share of mungbeans in the valueof all agricultural exports has varied between 0.3%and 0.9%, indicating the relative importance of thissingle commodity.The value of total agricultural imports has risenmore strongly than that of exports, with a rate of6.2% annually. In contrast, the value of mungbeanimports has decreased strongly over the same period.While in 1986 the value of all mungbean importsaccounted for 13.6 million US$, the value ofmungbean imports was only 1.4 million US$ in 2000.The value of mungbean imports to China decreasedat an annual rate of 14.4%. This becomes obviousalso in the share of mungbean imports among allimports. While it was still 0.25% in 1986, in theyear 2000 the value of mungbean imports accountedfor only 0.01% of all agricultural imports. Since totalmungbean consumption has increased slightlyover the same time period (Fig. 6), this is an indicationthat Chinese growers are able to meet thedomestic demand for mungbeans.According to data from the Customs GeneralAdministration of China (1993–2000), the quantityand price of exported mungbean has changedgreatly over the years since 1986 (Fig. 7). In theperiod of 1986–1992, the biggest quantity ofmungbean exports occurred in 1986 with more thanTable 3. Share of mungbeans in total agricultural imports and exports, 1986–2000ExportsImportsAgricultural a Mungbean b Share Agricultural a Mungbean b ShareYear (US$ mil) (US$ mil) (%) (US$ mil) (US$ mil) (%)1986 7 864 45 0.57 5 467 13.6 0.251987 9 082 28 0.31 7 561 9.5 0.131988 10 326 42 0.41 9 763 7.9 0.081989 10 476 33 0.32 11 068 8.8 0.081990 10 208 50 0.49 9 791 0.6 0.011991 11 624 51 0.44 9 429 0.2 0.001992 12 045 36 0.30 9 800 2.4 0.021993 12 197 48 0.39 8 569 4.4 0.051994 14 580 80 0.55 12 419 4.0 0.031995 14 364 104 0.72 18 272 0.2 0.001996 14 344 55 0.38 17 513 3.1 0.021997 13 447 59 0.44 16 324 1.6 0.011998 12 107 66 0.55 13 342 2.0 0.011999 11 776 109 0.93 12 863 0.4 0.002000 13 076 50 0.38 15 349 1.4 0.01Annual rate 3.1% 5.8% 6.2% -14.4%Source: a FAOSTAT (2001), b Chinese Foreign Economy and Trade Yearbook, 1987–2001.12
Page 3 and 4: AVRDC—The World Vegetable Center
Page 5 and 6: List of TablesTable 1. Ten leading
Page 7 and 8: 2 Mungbean research in China2.1 Cro
Page 9 and 10: 3 China’s mungbean production pol
Page 11 and 12: 4.2 Mungbean production trendsSince
Page 13 and 14: staple grains. Fluctuations in area
Page 15: 5 Mungbean consumption in ChinaMung
Page 19 and 20: Compared to mungbean exports, the a
Page 21 and 22: 7 Price analysis of mungbean in Chi
Page 23: 7.3 Price differences amongregionsS
Page 26 and 27: mungbean research has generated hig
Page 28 and 29: 10 SummaryMungbean has been an impo
Page 30 and 31: AnnexesAnnex 1. Estimation of mungb
Page 32: AVRDC—The World Vegetable Center

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