The Impact of Mungbean Research in China

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200,000 tons exported, followed in 1990 with morethan 150,000 tons. The highest price of export occurredin 1992 when the annual average export pricewas 563 US$/ton. The second highest price occurredin 1989, about 420 US$/ton. The annual averageprice of export was between 220 US$/tonand 320 US$/ton in the remaining years. Duringthe period of 1986–1992, the annual average priceof export was 352 US$/ton, the accumulated exportwas 888,000 tons, and the annual export wasnearly 130,000 tons.During 1993–2000, the quantity and price ofexport of mungbean increased to some extent comparedto the period of 1986–1992. However, quantityand prices also differed greatly across years.In this period, the quantity of exports was largest in1999, when they were 290,000 tons. Meanwhile,the export price changed over years. The highestannual average price was 766 US$/ton in 1997,whereas the lowest annual average price was 377US$/ton two years later in 1999, when exports werehighest. During the period from 1993–2000, theannual average price of export was 551 US$/ton,the accumulated export was 1,160,000 tons, andthe annual quantity of export was about 145,000tons.China exports mungbean to more than 60 countriesand regions. The largest share of exports goesto Japan. In addition, Vietnam, Philippines, UnitedStates, Korea, Netherlands, Hong Kong, Taiwan,England, Canada, France, Indonesia and Belgium,are major importers of Chinese mungbean.For instance in 2000, China exported 88,000MT of mungbean. Of these, 40,000 MT were exportedto Japan, accounting for 46% of all mungbeanexports. Other major importers of Chinesemungbean (with imports exceeding 1000 MT) werethe United States (8144 MT) Vietnam (7645 MT),Korea (7199 MT), Taiwan (4466 MT), Netherlands(4170 MT), Hong Kong (3730 MT), United Kingdom(2479 MT), Canada (2495 MT), Philippines (1760MT) and France (1289 MT); these countries togetheraccounted for 50.7% of the total export quantity.350000120000300000100000250000Export (MT)200000150000100000800006000040000Export Value (1000 US$)500002000001986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000Export (MT)Value (1000 US$)Fig. 7. Mungbean exports in quantity and value, 1986–2000Source: Chinese Foreign Economy and Trade Yearbook, 1987–2001.13
Compared to mungbean exports, the annualaverage quantity of imports has decreased sharplyover the years (see also Table 3). However, the averageprice of mungbean imports has remained relativelysteady (Fig. 8). More specifically, imports ofmungbean were relatively large in 1986 and 1987.After 1990, as the Chinese mungbean productionincreased, the quantity of imports decreased. After1990, the import price steadied at the level of about300 US$/ton.Important providers of mungbean imports toChina are Myanmar, with 3885 MT in 2000, followedby Australia (559 MT) and Thailand (436 MT).Myanmar provided 78% of all mungbeans importedto China for consumption purposes.The data shows that China is and has alwaysbeen a net exporter of mungbean. The quantity ofnet exports has varied along with the fluctuation inexport and import (Fig. 9). The degree of fluctuationin the quantity of net exports was higher duringthe 1990s than during the 1980s. During the 1980s,the highest quantity of net exports was 164,000MT (1986), the lowest was 60,000 MT (1989), thegap thus being 104,000 MT. In contrast, during the1990s, the highest quantity of net export was288,000 MT (1999), and the lowest was 56,000 MT(1992), the gap hence increasing to 232,000 MT.Net mungbean exports have made up a substantialshare of total mungbean production in severalyears, with a peak in 1999 (37.3%). No consistenttrend can be observed as the share is lessthan 10% in several years. Overall, it cannot bedenied that mungbeans are an important exportproduct for the Chinese economy.400001400035000120003000010000Imports (MT)25000200001500080006000Import Value (1000 US$)1000040005000200001986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000Import (MT)Import Value (1000 US$)Fig. 8. Mungbean imports in quantity and value, 1986–2000Source: Chinese Foreign Economy and Trade Yearbook, 1987–2001.14
Page 3 and 4: AVRDC—The World Vegetable Center
Page 5 and 6: List of TablesTable 1. Ten leading
Page 7 and 8: 2 Mungbean research in China2.1 Cro
Page 9 and 10: 3 China’s mungbean production pol
Page 11 and 12: 4.2 Mungbean production trendsSince
Page 13 and 14: staple grains. Fluctuations in area
Page 15 and 16: 5 Mungbean consumption in ChinaMung
Page 17: 6 International mungbean tradeChina
Page 21 and 22: 7 Price analysis of mungbean in Chi
Page 23: 7.3 Price differences amongregionsS
Page 26 and 27: mungbean research has generated hig
Page 28 and 29: 10 SummaryMungbean has been an impo
Page 30 and 31: AnnexesAnnex 1. Estimation of mungb
Page 32: AVRDC—The World Vegetable Center

The Impact of Mungbean Research in China

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