The Impact of Mungbean Research in China

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mungbean research has generated high benefits,both for producers and consumers.In the second case we consider that Chinaexports mungbeans to other countries. We alsoinclude AVRDC as a region, since mungbean research(including training of Chinese researchers)at AVRDC-ARC has been influential for the researchsuccess in China. Total cost of mungbean researchat AVRDC that can be attributed to distribution ofgenetic material to China has been estimated at2.4 million US$, including plant breeding, plantphysiology, entomology, plant pathology, travel, andtraining. 6Again, we consider three different scenarios forthe reduction in production cost, 10%, 20% and25%. Note that the surplus for Chinese consumersis now slightly lower than for Chinese producers,but that taken together the surplus change achievedthrough mungbean research is substantial, of 105.8million US$ for the Chinese economy and 22 millionUS$ for consumers in importing countries inthe best scenario, and 42.4 million US$ surpluschange for the Chinese economy and 9.5 millionUS$ surplus change for consumers in mungbeanimporting countries in the most conservative estimateof 10% cost reduction. Compared to thebaseline scenario of a closed economy, the totalIRR is very similar; however, it is slightly reducedfor the Chinese economy. Yet, even in the mostconservative estimate of only 10% cost it stillreaches 72.5%, meaning that for every dollar invested72.5 cents have been returned to the Chinesesociety.The analysis has shown that the estimation oftotal benefits depends crucially on the size of kthat is assumed. Total benefits and the IRR do notdiffer substantially under the assumption of closedor trading economy, but the distribution of benefitsbetween Chinese consumers and those of importingregions is affected.Table 10. Net present values of costs and benefits, and internal rate of return (IRR) of mungbeanresearch, exporting economy and AVRDC research cost includedPresent Value of R&D BenefitsReturnsScenario Producer Consumer Total Costs (B-C) IRRk Region (1000 US$) (1000 US$) (1000 US$) (1000 US$) (1000 US$) B/C (%)25% China 56 234.5 49 559.4 105 794.0 3 481.5 102 312.5 30.4 109.0Importing regions 0 21 963.2 21 963.2 0 21 963.2AVRDC 0 0 0 2 131.7 -2 131.7 0Total NPV benefits 56 234.5 71 522.7 127 757.3 5 613.3 122 144.0 22.8 119.420% China 45 589.6 40 184.7 85 774.3 3 481.5 82 292.8 24.6 98.7Importing regions 0 17 799.0 17 799.0 0 17 799.0AVRDC 0 0 0 2 131.7 -2 131.7 0Total NPV benefits 45 589.6 57 983.8 103 573.4 5 613.3 97 960.1 18.5 108.310% China 24 401.5 21 515.8 45 917.3 3 481.5 42 435.8 13.2 72.5Importing regions 0 9 519.6 9 519.6 0 9 519.6AVRDC 0 0 0 2 131.7 -2 131.7 0Total NPV benefits 24 401.5 31 035.4 55 436.9 5 613.2 49 823.7 9.9 80.06 Estimate provided by S. Shanmugasundaram, Plant Breeder and Deputy Director General for Research at AVRDC.21
9 Impact of mungbean research on thedevelopment of human capitalResearch on mungbean germplasm resourceshas been conducted since the period of SeventhFive-Year-Plan (1986–1990) and Eighth Five-Year-Plan (1991–1995). The Institute of Crop GermplasmResources of CAAS leads this research. The institute,in cooperation with other institutes from 25provinces, collects, stores, identifies, and coordinatesthe research usage of mungbean germplasmresources. Thirty researchers from the Institute ofCrop Germplasm Resources and about 70 researchersfrom other institutes participated in this research.It is estimated that more than 100 scientists in thefield of mungbean research have been trained duringthe course of the project.Furthermore, CAAS has cooperated withAVRDC since 1983. Four researchers from CAAShave taken part in the training courses at AVRDC-ARC. Meanwhile, CAAS founded the Associationof Mungbean Research in order to strengthen researchefforts.The following publications of mungbean researchin China have been published:• “Compilation of Papers on Technology and Utilizationof AVRDC—Improved Mungbeans inChina,” which was edited by Institute of CropGermplasm Resources, CAAS, Department ofScience & Technology, Ministry of Agricultureof the People’s Republic of China (MAPRC),and AVRDC-ARC, published by China AgriculturalPress in 1993.• “Proceeding on Technology and Utilization ofMungbean in China,” which was also edited byInstitute of Crop Germplasm Resources,CAAS, Department of Science & Technology,MAPRC and AVRDC-ARC, published by ChinaAgricultural Press in 1999.• “Mungbean,” written by Cheng Xuzhen, publishedby China Agricultural Press in 1996.22
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Page 5 and 6: List of TablesTable 1. Ten leading
Page 7 and 8: 2 Mungbean research in China2.1 Cro
Page 9 and 10: 3 China’s mungbean production pol
Page 11 and 12: 4.2 Mungbean production trendsSince
Page 13 and 14: staple grains. Fluctuations in area
Page 15 and 16: 5 Mungbean consumption in ChinaMung
Page 17 and 18: 6 International mungbean tradeChina
Page 19 and 20: Compared to mungbean exports, the a
Page 21 and 22: 7 Price analysis of mungbean in Chi
Page 23: 7.3 Price differences amongregionsS
Page 28 and 29: 10 SummaryMungbean has been an impo
Page 30 and 31: AnnexesAnnex 1. Estimation of mungb
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